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Human Anatomy
Exam 3: Abdomen and Lower Extremity
206
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
11/20/2013

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Cards

Term

Rectus abdominis

proximal attachment

Definition
pubic cres and pubic symphysis of pelvis
Term

Rectus abdominis

distal attachment

Definition
ribs 5-7 costal cartilages and xiphoid process of sternum
Term

Rectus abdominis

innervation

Definition
T7-T12 nerves
Term

Rectus abdominis

action

Definition
flex vertebral column; compress abdomen
Term

External oblique

proximal attachment

Definition
ribs 5-12
Term

External oblique

distal attachment

Definition
iliac crest and linea alba
Term

External oblique

innervation

Definition
T7-T12 nerves and iliohypogastric (L1)
Term

External oblique

action

Definition

Alone: laterally flex and rotate lumbar vertebrae

Both: flex vertebral column and compress abdomen

Term

Internal Oblique

proximal attachment

Definition
iliac crest, inguinal ligament, and thoracocolumbar fascia
Term

Internal oblique

distal attachment

Definition
ribs 7-10 cartilage and linea alba
Term

Internal oblique

innervation

Definition
T7-T12 nerves, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal
Term

Internal oblique 

action

Definition

Alone: laterally flew and roatate lumbar vertebrae

Both: flex vertebral column and compress abdomen

Term

Transversus abdominis

proximal attachment

Definition
iliac crest, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, and ribs 5-10 cartilage
Term

Transversus abdominis

distal attachment

Definition
xiphoid process, linea alba, and pubis
Term

Transversus abdominis

innervation

Definition

T7-T12 nerves

iliohypogastric nerve

ilioinguinal nerve

Term

Transversus abdominis

action

Definition
compress abdomen
Term

Quadratus lumborum

proximal attachment

Definition
iliac crest
Term

Quadratus lumborum

distal attachment

Definition
rib 12, L1-L4 vertebrae
Term

Quadratus lumborum

innervation

Definition
T12, L1-L4 spinal nerves
Term

Quadratus lumborum

action

Definition
stabilize rib 12 and extend vertebral column (lumbar)
Term

Iliopsoas

proximal attachment

Definition
iliac fossa (iliacus) and lumbar transverse processed (psoas major)
Term

Iliopsoas

distal attachment

Definition
lesser trochanter
Term

Iliopsoas

innervation

Definition

L2-L3 spinal nerves

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

Term

Iliopsoas

action

Definition
flex hip, laterally rotate thigh; flex trunk
Term

Sartorius

proximal attachment

Definition
ASIS
Term

Sartorius

distal attachment

Definition
medial tibial condyle
Term

Sartorius

innervation

Definition
Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Term

Sartorius

action

Definition

flex, abduct and laterally rotate thigh

flex leg

Term

Rectus femoris

proximal attachment

Definition
AIIS
Term

Rectus femoris

distal attachment

Definition
tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
Term

Rectus femoris

innervation

Definition
Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Term

Rectus femoris

action

Definition
flex hip and extend leg
Term

Vastus lateralis

proximal attachment

Definition
greater trochanter and linea aspera
Term

Vastus lateralis

distal attachment

Definition
tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
Term

Vastus lateralis

innervation

Definition
Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Term

Vastus lateralis

action

Definition
extend leg
Term

Vastus intermedius

proximal attachment

Definition
anterior femoral shaft
Term

Vastus intermedius

distal attachment

Definition
tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
Term

Vastus intermedius

innervation

Definition
Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Term

Vastus intermedius

action

Definition
extend leg
Term

Vatus medialis

proximal attachment

Definition
linea aspera
Term

Vastus medialis

distal attachment

Definition
tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
Term

Vastus medialis

innervation

Definition
Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Term

Vastus medialis

action

Definition
extend leg
Term

Pectineus

proximal attachment

Definition
superior pubic ramus
Term

Pectineus

distal attachment

Definition
pectineal line of femur
Term

Pectineus

innervation

Definition
Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Term

Pectineus

action

Definition
flex and adduct hip
Term

Adductor magnus

proximal attachment

Definition
inferior pubic ramus and ischium
Term

Adductor magnus

distal attachment

Definition
linea aspera
Term

Adductor magnus

innervation

Definition
Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Term

Adductor magnus

action

Definition

adduct and flex thigh (adductor)

extend thigh (hamstring)

Term

Adductor longus

proximal attachment

Definition
pubic crest
Term

Adductor longus

distal attachment

 

Definition
linea aspera
Term

Adductor longus

innervation

Definition
Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Term

Adductor longus

action

Definition
adduct and flex thigh
Term

Adductor brevis

proximal attachment

Definition
inferior pubic ramus
Term

Adductor brevis

distal attachment

Definition
linea aspera
Term

Adductor brevis

innervation

Definition
Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Term

Adductor brevis

action

Definition
adduct and flex thigh
Term

Gracilis

proximal attachment

Definition
inferior pubic ramus
Term

Gracilis

distal attachment

Definition
medial tibial condyle
Term

Gracilis

innervation

Definition
Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Term

Gracilis

action

Definition

adduct and medially rotate thigh

flex leg

Term

Gluteus maximus

proximal attachment

Definition
posterior ilium and sacrum
Term

Gluteus maximus

distal attachment

Definition
greater trochanter and iliotibial tract/band
Term

Gluteus maximus

innervation

Definition
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
Term

Gluteus maximus

action

Definition
extend and laterally rotate thigh
Term

Gluteus medius

proximal attachment

Definition
external ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Term

Gluteal medius

distal attachment

Definition
greater trochanter
Term

Gluteal medius

innervation

Definition
Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
Term

Gluteal medius

action

Definition
abducts and medially rotate thigh
Term

Gluteal minimus

proximal attachment

Definition
external ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
Term

Gluteal minimus

distal attachment

Definition
greater trochanter
Term

Gluteal minimus

innervation

Definition
Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
Term

Gluteus minimus

action

Definition
abducts and medially rotate thigh
Term

Tensor fascia latae

proximal attachment

Definition
anterior iliac crest, ASIS
Term

Tensor fascia latae

distal attachment

Definition
iliotibial tract/band
Term

Tensor fascia latae 

innervation

Definition
Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
Term

Tensor fascia latae

action

Definition
assist flexion, extension, and stabilization of thigh
Term

Piriformis

proximal attachment

Definition
anterior sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament
Term

Piriformis

distal attachment

Definition
greater trochanter
Term

Piriformis

action

Definition

laterally rotate extended thigh;

abduct flexed thigh;

stabiliza femoral head

Term

Gemellus superior

proximal attachment

Definition
ischial spine
Term

Gemellus superior 

distal attachment

Definition
trochanteric fossa
Term

Gemellus superior 

action

Definition

laterally rotate extended thigh;

abduct flexed thigh;

stabilize femoral head

Term

Gemellus inferior

proximal attachment

Definition
ischial tuberosity
Term

Gemellus inferior

distal attachment

Definition
trochanteric fossa
Term

Gemellus inferior

action

 

Definition

laterally rotate extended thigh;

abduct flexed thigh;

stabilize femoral head

Term

Obturator internus

proximal attachment

Definition
internal surface of obturator membrane
Term

Obterator internus

distal attachment

Definition
trochanteric fossa
Term

Obterator internus

action

Definition

laterally rotate extended thigh;

abduct flexed thigh;

stabilize femoral head

Term

Quadratus femoris

proximal attachment

Definition
lateral ischial tuberosity
Term

Quadratus femoris

distal attachment

Definition
quadrate tubercle of interochanteric fossa
Term

Quadratus femoris

action

Definition

laterally rotate thigh;

stabilize femoral head

Term

Obturator externus

proximal attachment

Definition
external surface of obturator membrane
Term

Obturator externus

distal attachment

Definition
trochanteric fossa
Term

Obturator externus

innervation

Definition
Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Term

Obturator externus

action

Definition

laterally rotate thigh;

stabilize femoral head

Term

Biceps femoris

proximal attachment

Definition
ischial tuberosity (long) and linea aspera (short)
Term

Biceps femoris

distal attachment

Definition
fibular head and lateral tibial condyle
Term

Biceps femoris

innervation

Definition
Tibial nerve (long) and Common fibular nerve (short)
Term

Biceps femoris

action

Definition
Extend thigh; flex leg
Term

Semimembranosus

proximal attachment

Definition
ischial tuberosity
Term

Semimembranosus

distal attachment

Definition
medial tibial condyle
Term

Semimembranosus

innervation

Definition
Tibial nerve (L4-S3)
Term

Semimembranosus

action

Definition
extend thigh; flex leg
Term

Semitendinosus

proximal attachment

Definition
ischial tuberosity
Term

Semitendinosus

distal attachment

Definition
medial tibia
Term

Semitendinosus

innervation

Definition
Tibial nerve (L4-S3)
Term

Semitendinosus

action

Definition
extend thigh; flex leg
Term

Gastrocnemius

proxmial attachment

Definition
lateral and medial tibial condyles
Term

Gastrocnemius

distal attachment

Definition
calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
Term

Gastrocnemius

innervation

Definition
Tibial nerve (L4-S3)
Term

Gastrocnemius

action

Definition
plantarflex foot; flex leg
Term

Soleus

proximal attachment

Definition
fibular head and medial tibia
Term

Soleus

distal attachment

Definition
calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
Term

Soleus

innervation

Definition
Tibial nerve (L4-S3)
Term

Soleus

action

Definition
plantarflex foot
Term

Plantaris

proximal attachment

Definition
lateral femoral condyle
Term

Plantaris

distal attachment

Definition
calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
Term

Plantaris

action

Definition
Tibial nerve (L4-S3)
Term

Plantaris

innervation

Definition
Tibial nerve (L4-S3)
Term

Plantaris

action

Definition
plantarflex foot; flex leg
Term

Popliteus

proximal attachment

Definition
lateral femoral condyle
Term

Popliteus

distal attachment

Definition
proximal tibia
Term

Popliteus

innervation

Definition
Tibial nerve (L4-S3)
Term

Popliteus

action

Definition
flex leg; medially rotate tibia to unlock extended knee
Term

Tibialis posterior

proximal attachment

Definition
tibia, fibular, interosseous membrane
Term

Tibialis posterior

distal attachment

Definition
tarsal bones (plantar side)
Term

Tibialis posterior

innervation

Definition
Tibial nerve (L4-S3)
Term

Tibialis posterior

action

Definition
plantarflex and invert foot
Term

Flexor digitorum longus

proximal attachment

Definition
posterior tibia
Term

Flexor digitorum longus

distal attachment

Definition
2nd-5th distal phalanx
Term

Flexor digitorum longus

innervation

Definition
Tibial nerve (L4-S3)
Term

Flexor digitorum longus

action

Definition
plantarflex foot; flex DIPs, PIPs and MTPs
Term

Flexor hallucis longus

proximal attachment

Definition
distal fibula
Term

Flexor hallucis longus

distal attachment

Definition
1st distal phalanx
Term

Flexor hallucis longus

innervation

Definition
Tibial nerve (L4-S3)
Term

Flexor hallucis longus

action

Definition
plantarflex foot; flex IP and MTP
Term

Tibialis anterior

proximal attachment

Definition
tibia and interosseus membrane
Term

Tibialis anterior

distal attachment

Definition
MT 1, medial cuneiform
Term

Tibialis anterior

innervation

Definition
Deep fibular nerve (L4-S2)
Term

Tibialis anterior

action

Definition
dorsiflex and invert foot
Term

Extensor digitorum longus

proximal attachment

Definition
lateral tibial condyle, fibula, interosseous membrane
Term

Extensor digitorum longus

distal attachment

Definition
2nd-5th middle and distal phalanges
Term

Extensor digitorum longus

innervation

Definition
Deep fibular nerve (L4-S2)
Term

Extensor digitorum longus

action

Definition
dorsiflex foot, extend DIPs, PIPs and MTPs
Term

Extensor hallucis longus

proximal attachment

Definition
fibula and interosseous membrane
Term

Extensor hallucis longus

distal attachment

Definition
1st distal phalanx
Term

Extensor hallicus longus

innervation

Definition
Deep fibular nerve (L4-S2)
Term

Extensor hallicus longus

action

Definition
Dorsiflex foot and extend digit 1
Term

Fibularis tertius

proximal attachment

Definition
fibula and interosseous membrane
Term

Fibularis tertius

distal attachment

Definition
MT 5
Term

Fibularis tertius

innervation

Definition
Deep fibular nerve (L4-S2)
Term

Fibularis tertius

action

Definition
Dorsiflex and evert foot
Term

Extensor digitorum brevis

proximal attachment

Definition
calcaneus
Term

Extensor digitroum brevis

distal attachment

Definition

1st proximal phalanx;

extensor digitorum longus tendons

Term

Extensor digitorum brevis

innervation

Definition
Deep fibular nerve (L4-S2)
Term

Extensor digitorum brevis

action

Definition
Extend digits 1-5
Term

Fibularis longus

proximal attachment

Definition
proximal fibula and lateral tibial condyle
Term

Fibularis longus

distal attachment

Definition
MT 1
Term

Fibularis longus

innervation

Definition
Superficial fibular nerve (L4-S2)
Term

Fibularis longus

action

Definition
Plantarflex and evert the foot
Term

Fibularis brevis

proximal attachment

Definition
fibula
Term

Fibularis brevis

distal attachment

Definition
MT 5
Term

Fibularis brevis

innervation

Definition
Superficial fibular nerve (L4-S2)
Term

Fibularis brevis

action

Definition
Plantarflex and evert the foot
Term

Flexor digitorum brevis

proximal attachment

Definition
calcaneus
Term

Flexor digitorum brevis

distal attachment

Definition
2nd-5th middle phalanx
Term

Flexor digitorum brevis

innervation

Definition
Medial plantar never
Term

Flexor digitorum brevis

action

Definition
Flex PIPs, digits 2-5
Term

Abductor hallicus

proximal attachment

Definition
calcaneus
Term

Abductor hallicus

distal attachment

Definition
1st proximal phalanx
Term

Abductor hallicus

innervation

Definition
Medial plantar nerve
Term

Abductor hallicus

action

Definition
Abduct and flex digit 1
Term

Abductor digiti minimi

proximal attachment

Definition
calcaneus
Term

Abductor digiti minimi

distal attachment

Definition
5th proximal phalanx
Term

Abductor digiti minimi

innervation

Definition
Lateral plantar nerve
Term

Abductor digiti minimi

action

Definition
Abduct digit 5
Term

Quadratus plantae

proximal attachment

Definition
calcaneus
Term

Quadratus plantae

distal attachment

Definition
tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Term

Quadratus plantae

innervation

Definition
Lateral plantar nerve
Term

Quadratus plantae

action

Definition
assit flexor digitorum with digits 2-5
Term

Lumbricals

proximal attachment

Definition
flexor digitorum longus tendons
Term

Lumbricals

distal attachment

Definition
2nd-5th proximal phalanx
Term

Lumbricals

innervation

Definition
Medial and Lateral plantar nerves
Term

Lumbricals

action

Definition
Extend IPs of digits 2-5, Flex MTPs of digits 2-5
Term

Flexor hallicus brevis

proximal attachment

Definition
tarsal bones
Term

Flexor hallicus brevis

distal attachment

Definition
1st proxmial phalanx (medial and lateral)
Term

Flexor hallicus brevis

innervation

Definition
Medial plantar nerve
Term

Flexor hallicus brevis

action

Definition
Flex digit 1
Term

Adductor hallicus

proximal attachment

Definition
tarsal bones and 2nd-4th metatarsals
Term

Adductor hallicus

distal attachment

Definition
1st proxmial phalanx
Term

Adductor hallicus

innervation

Definition
Lateral plantar nerve
Term

Adductor hallicus

action

Definition
adduct digit 1
Term

Flexor digiti minimi

proximal attachment

Definition
5th metatarsal
Term

Flexor digiti minimi

distal attachment

Definition
5th proximal phalanx
Term

Flexor digiti minimi

innervation

Definition
Lateral plantar nerve
Term

Flexor digiti minimi

action

Definition
Flex digit 5
Term

Interossei

proximal attachment

Definition
metatarsals
Term

Interossei

distal attachment

Definition
2nd-5th proximal phalanx
Term

Interossei

innervation

Definition
Lateral plantar nerve
Term

Interossei

action

Definition

Abduct digits 2-4;

Adduct digits 3-5

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