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| The study of the structural basis of body function |
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The study of the functional relevance of the structure
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Study of the structure of organs and the functional reasons behind it.
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The study of structure visible to the naked eye, using methods such as surface observation, dissection, X-rays, and MRIs.
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The external structure of the body- physical exams
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The study of internal structure, using X-ray and MRIs
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| The study of one organ system at a time |
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| The study of multiple organ systems at once in a given region of the body, such as the head or chest |
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taking tissue specimens, thinly slice and stain them, and observe them under the microscope.
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| The microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease |
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| The study of the structure and function of individual cells |
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| Fine detail at the molecular level using an electron microscope. |
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| The study of more than one species in order to examine structural similarities and differences and analyze evolutionary tends |
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| simply looking at the body’s appearance |
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| feeling a structure with the hands- swollen lymph node or taking pulse |
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| listening to the natural sounds made by the body- heart and lungs |
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| taps on the body, feels for abnormal resistance and listens to the emitted sound for signs of abnormalities such as pockets of fluid or air. |
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| careful cutting and separation of tissues to reveal their relationships |
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| opening the body and taking a look inside to see what was wrong and what could be done about it. |
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| Methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery – radiology, radiologists, radiologic technicians |
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| The process of photographing internal structures with X-rays- commonly used in dentistry, mammography, diagnosis of fractures, and chest examinations. Hollow organs can be visible using radiopaque substances (given orally- esophagus, stomach, small/large intestines). Angiography (injections- blood vessels) |
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Computed Tomography
(CT scan) |
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| More sophisticated application of X-rays. Creates three-dimensional images by stacking slices of images together by using cross-sectional anatomy. Identifies tumors, aneurysms, cerebral hemorrhages, kidney stones. |
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| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) |
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Definition
| Used for visualizing soft tissues. Uses electromagnets to move hydrogen atoms, this can avoid the armful effects of X-rays. Downside is it can take a long time and the patient must lay very still. |
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| Position Emission Tomography (PET): |
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| Used to assess the metabolic state of a tissue and to distinguish which tissues are most active at a given moment |
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| Second oldest: presses against the skin and emits ultrasound waves and recieves the signals reflected back from internal organs |
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| There is a left right reversal with organs |
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| A single organ occupies an atypical position |
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| A single, complete individual, capable of acting separately from other individuals |
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| a group of organs that carry out a basic function of the organism: Circulatory, respiration, digeston |
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| Any structure that has definite anatomical boundaries and composed of two or more tissue types |
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| a mass of similar cells and cell products the forms a discrete region of an organ |
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| Microscopic structures in a cell that carry out individual functions |
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| particles of at least two atoms joined by chemical bonds |
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| the of a person standing upright with the feet flat on the floor arms at the side palms and face directed forward |
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| The forearms are rotated so that the palms is facing upward or forward/ person is laying face up |
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| The forearms are rotated so the palm is facing down or posteriorly/A person is laying face down |
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| Divides right and left vertically |
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| Divides right and left vertically equally |
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| Divideds Front and back Vertically |
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| Divides into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) horizontally |
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| Toward the Front of the body |
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| Toward the back of the body |
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| Toward the posterior Side |
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| Thoracic region and abdominal region |
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Top left: Hypochondriac Region
Middle Left: Lumbar region
Bottom Left: Inguinal Region
Top: Epigastric Region
Middle: Umbilical region
Bottom: Hypogastric region |
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| region between one joint and another |
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| Upper limbs and Lower Limbs |
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| Arm (brachial), Forearm(antebrachial), hand (carpal) and Fingers( digits) |
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| Thigh (femoral), Leg (crural), Ankle (Tarsal), foot (pedal), and toes (digits) |
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| The organ contianed in the bodies cavaties |
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| Three layer membrane of the vertebral canal, and protects the nerves |
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| two-layer Membrane around the heart: perietal and visceral: space between- pericardial cavity |
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| Membrane around the lungs: visceral and perietal: space between- pleural cavity lubricated with fluid |
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| Membrane in the abdominopelvic cavity: visceral and peritoneal: Space between- peritoneal/fluid |
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| Only covered on one side by the Peritoneum membrane |
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| connected to posterior wall |
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| suspend the intestines: largest intestine- mesocolon |
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| spaces between body membranes: often pushed together and there is no space |
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| Terms coined from the persons name |
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