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Human Anatomy
Chapter Four (Test One)
68
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
09/07/2012

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Term
Tissue
Definition
What is a group of closely associated cells that perform related functions and are similar in structure?
Term
Cellularity
Specialized Contacts
Polarity
Support by connective tissue
Avascular but innervated
Highly regenerative
Definition
What are the six special characteristics of the epithelium tissue?
Term
Small intestine - increase absorption
Definition
Where might you find microvilli?
Term
Respiratory Tube - moves mucus
Definition
Where might you find cilia?
Term
Spermatozoa - moves cells
Definition
Where might you find flagella?
Term
Desmosomes (adhesion junctions)
Tight Junctions
Gap Junctions
Definition
What are the three types of cell junctions?
Term
Desmosomes (adhesion junctions)
Definition
Which cell junction has adhesive spots on lateral sides linked by proteins / filaments and holds tissues together?
Term
Tight Junctions
Definition
Which cell junction is at the lateral area, plasma membrane of adjacent cells fuse and nothing pases?
Term
Gap Junctions
Definition
Which cell junction is a spot-like junction that occurs anywhere made of hallow cylinders of proteins and lets small molecules pass.
Term
Basement Membrane
Definition
What attaches epithelium to connective tissue below?
Term
Basal Lamina
Reticular Fiber Layer
Definition
What are the two things that make up the basement membrane?
Term
Basal Lamina
Definition
Which part of the basement membrane is the superficial layer and acts as a selective filter?
Term
Reticular Fiber Layer
Definition
Which part of the basement membrane is the deep layer that provides support?
Term
Renal corpuscles
Alveoli of lungs
Lining of heart, blood, and lymphatic vessels - endothelium
Lining of ventral body cavity (serosa)
Definition
Where could Simple Squamous Epithelium be found?
Term
Kidney tubules
secretory portions of small glands
ovary surface
Definition
Where can Simple Cuboidal Epithelium be found?
Term
Nonciliated form: Lines digestive tract, gallbladder, ducts of some glands

Ciliated form: Lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus
Definition
Where can Simple Columnar Epithelium be found?
Term
Nonciliated: Ducts of male reproductive tubes; ducts of large glands
Ciliated: Lines trachea and most of upper respiratory tract
Definition
Where can Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium be found?
Term
Keratiniized - Epidermis

Nonkeratinized - Esophagus, mouth, anus, vagina, urethra
Definition
Where can Stratified Squamous Epithelium be found?
Term
Ductile Glands - mammary glands, salivary glands, and large sweat glands
Definition
Where can stratified cuboidal epithelium be found?
Term
Rare tissue type
Male urethra and large ducts of glands
Definition
Where can Stratified Columnar Epithelium be found?
Term
Glands
Definition
What are specialized epithelial cells that make and secrete a protein product by exocytosis?
Term
Exocrine
Endocrine
Definition
What are the two classifications of glands?
Term
Endocrine Glands
Definition
Which glands are ductless?
Term
Exocrine Glands
Definition
Which glands secrete substances onto a body surface or into a cavity?
Term
Endocrine Glands
Definition
Which glands secrete hormones into blood stream?
Term
Connective Tissue
Definition
What is the most diverse and abundant type of tissue?
Term
Connective Tissue Proper
Cartilage
Bone
Blood
Definition
What are the four main classes of connective tissue?
Term
Connect tissues and bind organs together
Holds in body fluids
Form basis of skeleton
Store and carry nutrients
Surround all blood vessels and nerves
Protect against infection
Definition
What are the six main functions of connective tissue?
Term
Chondroblast
Definition
Secretes matrix in cartilage
Term
Osteoblast
Definition
Secretes matrix in bone
Term
Fibroblast
Definition
Makes protein subunits of fibers, secrete ground substances
Term
Fat (adipose) Cells
Definition
Which cells store energy?
Term
White Blood Cells
Definition
Which cells fight infection?
Term
Mast Cells
Definition
Which cells signal inflammatory response; promote healing
Term
Collagen - most abundant; strongest; pulls

Reticular - dense meshwork

Elastic Fibers - Pulls tissues back to original shape after being stretched
Definition
What are the three fibril features of connective tissues?
Term
Scurvy
Definition
What is the disease that is a vitamin D deficiency?
Term
Loose Connective - Areolar, Adipose, Reticular

Dense Connective - Irregular, Regular, Elastic
Definition
Breakdown the two subclasses of connective tissue proper
Term
Areolar
Definition
Which loose connective tissue proper is the most widespread, surrounds small nerves and blood vessels, and borders all other tissues.
Term
Adipose
Definition
Which loose connective tissue proper occurs beneath the skin, insulates, supports, and produces energy.
Term
Reticular
Definition
Which loose connective tissue proper forms caverns to hold free cells (blood) and forms internal skeleton of some organs.
Term
White Adipose - nutrient storing

Brown Adipose - nutrient consumer; produces heat
Definition
What are the two types of adipose tissue?
Term
Dense Irregular
Definition
Which dense connective tissue resists strong tensions and is located in the dermis and at the end of bones?
Term
Dense Regular
Definition
Which dense connective tissue is poorly vascularized, has no fat or defense cells, and is located in the fascia, tendons, and ligaments?
Term
80%
Definition
Cartilage is composed of ___% water.
Term
Chondrocytes
Definition
What are mature cartilage cells that reside in a lacuna (cavity)?
Term
Chondroblasts
Definition
What are immature cartilage cells that actively secrete cartilage?
Term
Perichondrium
Definition
What are dense irregular connective tissue around cartilage that function in growth/repair and resists expansions during cartilage compression?
Term
Osteoblasts
Definition
What are immature bone cells that secrete organic part of bone matrix (collagen fibers and ground substance)
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
What are mature bone cells that maintain bone matrix and inhabit lacunae cavities?
Term
Hematopoiesis
Definition
What is the production of blood cells?
Term
Red Bone Marrow
Definition
Where does Hematopoiesis take place?
Term
Erythrocytes
Definition
What are the most abundant cell types in the blood?
Term
Platelets or Thrombocytes
Definition
Which blood cells are are cell fragments from karyocytes that initiate clotting processes?
Term
Leukocytes
Definition
Which blood cells fight against infection and are bone marrow derived?
Term
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
Definition
What are the three types of muscle tissues?
Term
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Definition
Which muscle tissues are long and cylindrical in bundles, multinucleated, and striated?
Term
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Definition
Which muscle tissues are branching chains of cells, single or binucleated, striated, and connected by intercalated discs?
Term
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Definition
Which muscle tissues are single cells, uninucleated, and do not have striations?
Term
Skeletal - Voluntary
Cardiac - Involuntary
Smooth - Involuntary
Definition
List the three muscular tissues and if they are voluntary or involuntary.
Term
Neurons
Supporting Cells (Glial Cells)
Definition
What are the two types of nervous tissue cells?
Term
Neurons
Definition
What are specialized nerve cells that conduct impulses composed of cell body, dendrite, and axon?
Term
Supporting Cells (Glial Cells)
Definition
What are nonconducting cells that nourish, insulate, and protect neurons?
Term
Satellite Cells
Schwann Cells
Microglia
Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal Cells
Definition
What are the five cells related to supporting cells in nervous tissue?
Term
Satellite Cells
Definition
Which cells surround cell bodies within ganglia?
Term
Schwann Cells
Definition
Which cells surround axons?
Term
Microglia
Definition
Which cells are phagocytes?
Term
Oligodendrocytes
Definition
Which cells produce myelin sheaths around axons?
Term
Ependymal Cells
Definition
Which cells line the brain and spinal cord, are ciliated, and help circulate CSF?
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