Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Human Anatomy by Saladin 1stEd
Chapter 9: Joints
62
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/01/2006

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
joint/articulation
Definition
any point at which two bones must be joined together
Term
arthrology
Definition
the science of joint structure, function, and dysfunction
Term
kinesiology
Definition
branch of biomechanics, which deals with a broad rage of motion and mechanical processes in the body
Term
bony joint or synostosis
Definition
syn=together+ ost=bone+ osis=condition
an immovable joint fromed when the gap between two bones ossifies and they become a single bone
Term
fibrous joint or synarthrosis or synarthrodial joint
Definition
syn=together+ arthr=joined+ osis=condition
a point at which adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from the matrix of one bone, cross the space between them, and penetrate into the matrix of the other
Term
sutures
Definition
immovable fibrous joints that closely bind the bones of the skull to each other; they occur nowhere else
Term
serrate sutures
Definition
appear as wavy lines along which the adjoining bones firmly interlock with eachother by their serrated margins, like a jigsaw puzzle - ex: the coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid sutures around parietal bones
Term
lap (squamous) sutures
Definition
two bones have overlapping beveled edges, appears as relatively smooth line - ex: squamous suture btw temporal and parietal bones
Term
plane (butt) sutures
Definition
two bones have straight, nonoverlapping edges - ex: btw the palatine processes of the maxillae at the roof of the mouth
Term
gomphosis
Definition
attachment of tooth to its socket
Term
periodontal ligament
Definition
holds tooth in place, consists of collagen fibers that extend from the bone matrix of the jaw into the dental tissue
Term
syndesmosis
Definition
syn=together+ desm=band+ osis=condition
a fibrous joint at which two bones are bound by longercollagenous fibers than in a suture of gomphosis siving the bones more mobility ex: btw tibia and fibula
Term
interosseous membrane
Definition
broad fibrous sheet that forms the syndesmosis btw the radius and ulna and allows for freedom of movement
Term
cartilaginous joint or amphiarthrosis or amphiarthrodial joint
Definition
amphi=on all sides+ arthr=joined+ osis=condition
In these joints two bones are linked by cartilage. Two types: synchondroses and symphyses
Term
synchondrosis
Definition
syn=together+ chondr=cartilage+ osis=condition
joint in which the bones are bound by hyaline cartilage ex: temporary joint btw the epiphysis and diaphysis in long bone in a child; attachment of rib to sternum by costal cartilage
Term
symphysis
Definition
sym=together+ physis=growth
two bones are joined by fibrocartilage ex: pubic symphysis; joints between vertebrae
Term
synovial joint or diarthrosis or diathrodial joint
Definition
dia=separate,apart+ arthr=joint+ osis=condition
a point where two bones are separated by a narrow, encapsulated space filled with lubricating synovial fluid; most such joints are relatively mobile - ex:knee, shoulder, elbow, wrist
Term
articular cartilage
Definition
layer of hyaline cartilage that covers end of long bones
Term
joint (articular) cavity
Definition
narrow space between surfaces of long bones containing a slippery lubricant called synovial fluid
Term
synovial fluid
Definition
syn=together+ ovi=egg
fluid in diarthrodial joint is rich in albumin and hyaluronic acid, which gives it a viscous and slippery texture. Norishes articular cartilages, removes their wastes, and makes movements at synovial joints almost friction-free
Term
joint (articular) capsule
Definition
encloses articular (joint) cavity and retains the synovial fluid
Term
fibrous capsule
Definition
outside of articular (joint) capsule continuous with the periosteum of adjoining bones
Term
synovial membrane
Definition
inside of articular (joint) capsule composed of fibroblast-like cells that secrete the fluid and macrophages that remove debris from the joint cavity
Term
meniscus
Definition
two moon shaped pieces of cartilages in the knee gap
Term
tendon
Definition
a strip or sheet of tough collagenous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone; stabilize joints
Term
ligament
Definition
strip or sheet of tough, collagenous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone
Term
bursa
Definition
fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid, located btw adjacent muscles or where a tendon psses over a bone; cushion muscles, help tendons slide more easily over the joints and somethings enhance the mechanical effect of a muscle
Term
tendon sheaths
Definition
are bursa that are elongated cylinders wrapper around a tendon; mostly in hands and foot
Term
bursitis
Definition
inflammation of the bursa, usually due to overexertion of a joint
Term
tendinitis
Definition
a form of bursitis in which a tendon sheath is inflamed
Term
types of synovial joints (6)
Definition
hinge, gliding, pivot, saddle, condyloid (ellipsoid), ball-and-socket
Term
flexion
Definition
movement that decreases the angle of a joint, usually in a sagittal plane
Term
extension
Definition
movement that straightens a joint and generally retuns a body part to anantomical positions ex; straightening knee
Term
hyperextension
Definition
is the extension of a joint beyond 180 degrees
Term
abduction
Definition
ab=away+ duc=to carry, lead
movement of a body part away form the median plane
Term
adduction
Definition
ad=toward+ duc=to carry, lead
movement toward the median plane
Term
elevation
Definition
movement that raises a bone vertically ex: shrugging shoulders
Term
depression
Definition
movement that lowers a bone vertically ex: lowering the shoulders
Term
protraction
Definition
movement of the bone anteriorly (forward) on a horizontal plane
Term
retraction
Definition
movement of the bone posteriorly on a horizontal plane
Term
lateral excursion
Definition
sideways movement to the right or left
Term
medial excursion
Definition
movement back to the midline
Term
circumduction
Definition
circum=around+ duc=to carry, lead
a movement in which one end of an appendage remains relatively stationary while the other end makes a circular motion
Term
rotation
Definition
movement in which a bone tuns on its longitudinal axis
lateral rotation-away from middle
medial rotation-towards middle
Term
supination
Definition
rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces forward or upward
Term
pronation
Definition
rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces toward the rear or downward
Term
opposition
Definition
movement of the thumb to approach or touch the fingerips
Term
reposition
Definition
movement of thumb from touching fingertips back to anatomical position
Term
dorsiflexion
Definition
movement in whcih the toes are raised; flexing foot
Term
plantar flexion
Definition
movement that points the toes downward; pointing toes
Term
inversion
Definition
movement that lifts the medial border of the foot so that the soles turn medially
Term
eversion
Definition
movement that lifts the lateral border of the foot so the soles face away from each other
Term
temporomadibular joint (TMJ)
Definition
articulation of the condyle of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
Term
humeroscapular (glenohumeral) joint
Definition
shoulder joint
Term
glenoid labrum
Definition
ring of fibrocartilage in the the shoulder joint
Term
humeroulnar joint
Definition
elbow joint where the trochlea of the humerus joins the trochlear notch of the ulna
Term
humeroradial joint
Definition
elbow joint where the capitulum of the humerus meets the head of the radius
Term
rheumatologist
Definition
physician who deals with the study diagnosis, and treatment fo joint disorders
Term
arthritis
Definition
arthr=joint+ itis=inflammation
inflammation of a joint
Term
osteoarthritis
Definition
normal consequence of years of wear and tear on the joints
Term
rheumatoid arthritis
Definition
rheumat= tending to change
results from an autoimmune attack agaist the joint tissues. RA stems from an autoantibody called rheumatoid factor that attacks the bodes own tissues instead of limiting their attack to foreign matter
Term
ankylosis
Definition
ankyl=bent,crooked+ osis=condition
when RA is at advanced stages, the articular cartilage degenerates and the joint begins to ossify and the bones become solidly fused and immobilized
Supporting users have an ad free experience!