Shared Flashcard Set

Details

HST 112 - Exam 2
Key Terms
27
History
Undergraduate 2
10/20/2012

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Definition
In 1896, decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, the Court gave it’s approval to state laws requiring separate facilities for blacks and whites. The court upheld the lousiniana law against Plessy saying that facilities did not discriminate as long as they were “separate but equal”. After this, state reacted by passing laws mandating racial segregation in very aspect of southern life, from schools to hospitals, etc. The facilities for blacks were either non existent or markedly inferior. This created an atmosphere of white dominance, where whenever the two came together, whites would have the upper hand.
Term
Mugwumps
Definition

Republicans who sided with the Democrats and Grover Cleveland in the 1884 election because the Republican Party did not advocate civil service reform

 

Significance: They switched parties because they rejected the financial corruption associated with their own Republican candidate James G. Blaine

Term
Pendleton Civil Service Act
Definition

(1883) -sought to lessen involvement of politicians in running govt.

-created a bipartisan commission to administer competitive exams to candidates for civil service jobs and to appoint officeholders based on merit

-outlawed forcing political contributors from appointed officials

-Congress created it in reaction to Garfield’s assassination.

 

Significance: said that government jobs should be granted based on merit

Term
Muckrakers
Definition

Investigative journalists; believed that if people knew about problems they would demand they be fixed.

 

Significance: They helped expose corrupt government and solve social problems

Term
NAACP (National Association for the Advancemnt of Colored People)
Definition

A group that is highly active in resisting and stopping racial sgregation & discrimination

-created by Roy Wilkins

-dominated by middle class and professionals

-their tactics were primarily legal

-originally wanted to use the federal courts to overturn Plessy vs. Ferguson and Jim Crow Laws alltogether

Term
Boxer Rebellion
Definition

The Boxer Movement or Boxer Rebellion was a Chinese uprising from November 1899 to September 7, 1901, against foreign influence in areas such as trade, politics, religion and technology that occurred in China during the final years of the Manchu rule (Qing Dynasty)

 

Significance: End of the Qing Dynasty (imperial system) and Machu rule in China

Term
Panama Canal
Definition
man-made canal in panama
connects the atlantic to the pacific
started by the french but fell apart due to yellow fever and mismanagement
France sold the project to US but Panama denied it so France organized a revolution and took over the gov.
significance- major trading route than connected the atlantic and the pacific
Term
Platt Amendment (1901)
Definition

It was an amendment to the Cuban constitution that gave the U.S the right to leave naval bases and intervene when it wanted to.

 

Significance: It provided a permanent military base in Guantanamo Bay for the U.S. Navy

Term
Espionage Act
Definition
law that the act of spying(telling secrets or plans to the enemy) is illegal
Term
Fourteen Points
Definition

Woodrow Wilson proposed a 14-point program for world peace

-covered giving countries the freedom to choose their own political futures, considering the interests of the people in imperial disputes and a larger postwar plan.

 

-solidified Americans' support for the war significance

 

-gave proof that America was getting involved for noble reasons, not selfish ones.

 

Significance: 1) They helped frame much of U.S. foreign policy debate for the rest of the century

2) created the League of Nations

 

Term
Nineteenth Amendment (1920)
Definition

Gave women right to vote.

 

Significance: It removed voting gender rescriction and gavewomen the opportunity to hold public office

Term
Selective Service Act
Definition
passed in 1917 and required all men between 21 and 30 to register with the draft board
later modified 18-45
secretary of war Baker was in charge of the draft and worked PR
He made the draft registration a patriotic day of celebration to try to avoid riots
significance- started the draft
Term
Fundamentalism
Definition
belief that the bible told the literal truth
targeted Darwin's theory of evolution
Scopes Trial
mainly southern and western passed anti-evolution laws
caused many judicial problems and laws prohibiting teaching evolution
Term
Scopes Trial (1925)
Definition

John Scopes was a teacher in Tennessee There was a law banning the teaching of evolution Scopes taught it anyway taken to court William Jennings Bryan joined the prosecution Clarence Darrow tried to make Bryan look ridiculous Scopes found guilty

 

Significance: 1) took the Butler Act to court

2) questioned whether evolution vs. creationism should be taught in schools

Term
Teapot Dome Scandal (1922)
Definition

A bribery incident that leased oil-rich public land to private companies for money without competitive bidding

 

Significance: one of the most significant investigations in Senate history

Term
Eleanor Roosevelt
Definition
Brilliant First Lady who listened to people's issues by talking with the public and reading and responding to their letters.
Term
Public Works Administration
Definition
One section of the National Industrial Recovery Act created the Public Works Administration (PWA), with an appropriation of $3.3 billion. Directed by Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes, it built roads, schools, hospitals, and other public facilities.
Term
Popular Front
Definition
At the height of the Popular Front, a period during the mid-1930s when the Communist Party sought to ally itself with socialists and New Dealers in movements for social change, urging reform of the capitalist system rather than revolution. Communists gained an unprecedented respectability.
Term
Social Security Act
Definition
started in 1935 to aid those that were unemployed, disabled, victims of industrial accidents, or single mothers
funds came from withholding some of workers pay and taxing employers as well
welfare program that paved the way for what we are using today
significance- important welfare program that is still in place today
Term
Rough Riders
Definition
Teddy Roosevelt's gang of scruffy veterans of police, army, etc, who fought the battle of San Juan hill and put Roosevelt in the American spotlight

Significance: They were representative of a change in military strategy; because of the Civil War, the Americans were very low on manpower, so commanders stopped sending large columns of men into the line of fire, and instead relied more on highly trained units with tactical advantage.
Term
The Square Deal
Definition
What: Progressive Teddy Roosevelt's cleverly-named agenda
Included the 3 C's
1. Control Corporations
2. Consumer Protection
3. Conserving Natural Resources
Term
Big Stick Diplomacy
Definition

refers to U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt’s corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: "speak softly, and carry a big stick." Roosevelt attributed the term to a West African proverb, "Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far," but the claim that it originated in West Africa has been disputed.The idea of negotiating peacefully, simultaneously threatening with the "big stick", or the military. 

Significance: TR used it to brandish (flourish) in 1903 with the Panama Canal dilemma and the debt crisis of Latin America in 1903.

Term
Panama Canal
Definition
ship canal in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean (via the Caribbean Sea) to the Pacific Ocean. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a key conduit for international maritime trade.
Term
Pure Food and Drug Act
Definition
An Act designed to prevent the adulteration and mislabeling of foods and pharmaceuticals.
Term
Dollar Diplomacy
Definition
A policy of joining the business interests of a country with its diplomatic interests abroad; a policy of encouraging Americans to invest in Latin America.

William Taft- President who believed in Dollar Diplomacy; willing to intervene in other nations whenever American business interests were threatened; "substitute dollars for bullets".
Term
Manifest Destiny
Definition
argument that it was the undeniable fate of the U.S. to expand across North America; expanding the borders from "sea to sea"
Term
William Jennings Bryan
Definition
United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925)
Supporting users have an ad free experience!