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HSF II test II
Pericardium and Introduction of the Mediastinum
21
Anatomy
Graduate
03/05/2012

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Cards

Term
What does the fibrous portion of the pericardium fuse with superiorly?
Definition

Superior Vena Cava

Ascending Aorta

Pulmonary Arteries

Term
What does the fibrous portion of the pericardium fuse with inferiorly?
Definition
Central tendon of the diaphragm
Term
what is the pericardium attached to anteriorly?
Definition

2 sternocardial ligaments

and

Pretrachial fascia in the neck

Term
what is the pericardium attached to posteriorly?
Definition
some connective tissue that attaches the pericardium posteriorly to the tracheal bifurcation and the main bronchi
Term
Where the plural sacs of the lung deviate laterally, it contacts the posterior surface or the sternum and what two intercostal spaces?
Definition
4 and 5
Term
Laterally, what is sandwiched between the pleura and pericardium?
Definition

phrenic nerve

and

pericardiophrenic artery and vein

Term
What are the major things that the pericardium touches posteriorly?
Definition

esophagus

descending aorta

main bronchi

Term
The three layers and one potential space of the pericardium are?
Definition

Outer fibrous layer called the fibrous pericardium

 

inner layer of the parietal (outer) and inner visceral pericardium

 

postential spaces between the parietal and visceral layers called the pericardial cavity

Term
what is the pericardial reflection?
Definition
where the parietal and visceral layers are joined
Term

Can you separate the parietal layer from the fibrous layer of the pericardium?

 

The visceral layer from the heart?

Definition

no

 

yes

Term
Synonomous term for the visceral layer of the pericardium?
Definition
epicardium
Term
What is under the epicardium?
Definition
fat and blood vessels
Term
Epicardium covers the entire heart except for what area?
Definition
epicardium covers the entire heart, except for the area between the vena cava and pulmonary veins where myocardium touches the fibrous tissue directly
Term
During development a heart tube is formed with a venous and arterial end. These two are brought together to for the?
Definition
Transverse sinus
Term
The veins expand (go away from each other) and form the?
Definition
pericardial sinus
Term
What includes the blood supply to the fibrous and parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium?
Definition

Fibrous and parietal and visceral layers are supplied from:

pericardiacophrenic arteries

musculophrenic arteries

branches of the thoracic aorta (bronchial, esophageal, and superior phrenic)

 

The visceral layer of the pericardium is going to be supplied by the coronary arteries

Term
What is the venous supply of the pericardium?
Definition

pericardiacophrenic veins

internal thoracic veins

and

left- accessory hemizygus

right-azygus

Term

what is the sensory innervation of the fibrous and parietal layers of the pericardium?

 

visceral layer?

Definition

Somatic sensory

 

The visceral layer is innervated by the cardiac plexuses (autonomic)

Term
The epicardium is insensitive to ______.
Definition
pain
Term
The mediastinum is the area of the thoracic cavity that is between the lungs. What four areas can it be divided into?
Definition

superior- part above the line from the sternal angle to t4/t5

 

middle-

 

anterior

posterior

Term
How do you find the superior portion of the mediastinum?
Definition
portion above the "line" from the sternal angle to t4/t5
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