Term
| all new power equipment have primers to make starting easier |
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Definition
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Term
| soil amendments are used around plants to control weeds |
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Definition
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Term
| seasonal color is best when spread out over the landscape giving color everywhere |
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Definition
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Term
| one yard of soil material per 100sqft will improve the soil 10% |
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Definition
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Term
| all plants like to be planted the same way |
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Definition
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Term
| water features make landscapes look better and have an easier maintenance then most plantings |
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Definition
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Term
| water, yard waste and equipment are all challenges for the landscape industry |
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Definition
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Term
| make sure that the gas mixture is completely mixed before adding it to 2cycle and 4cycle equipment |
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Definition
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Term
| planting beds that are designed for continuous movement are easier to maintain |
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Definition
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Term
| it was in the mid 60s that landscaping in america started to take off |
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Definition
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Term
| a soil texture triangle can be used to find out the type of soil you have |
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Definition
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Term
| pH can affect the soil leaching, fertilizing and irrigation |
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Definition
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Term
| turfgrass cost less than trees to maintain |
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Definition
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Term
| apical dominance is the growth of the terminal bud by hormone |
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Definition
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Term
| in planting plants you may choose to use soil amendment. why would you use one or not |
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Definition
water retention
water permeability
air movement
root penetration
it is difficult to ammned soil once area has been planted |
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Term
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Definition
organic
composed of decomposed plant residues
high water holding
long lasting
once dry hard to get wet again |
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Term
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Definition
organic
low in nutrient holding capacity
good drainage
long lasting 5-7yrs |
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Term
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Definition
organic
some nutrients added
can be high in salts
short lived 3-6mo |
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Term
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Definition
inorganic extremely light weight
made from heated rock
somewhat costly |
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Term
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Definition
inorganic
heated mica
very lightweight
holds alot of water
somewhat costly |
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Term
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Definition
inorganic
light volcanic rock
good drainage
costly |
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Term
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Definition
inorganic
low cost
long lasting
need in very large amounts
30%clay-40%sand to work |
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Term
| difference between mow,go and full service |
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Definition
mow, go-mows,edges and blows and that is all
full service-shearing/hedging, pruning, fertilizing, seasonal plantings
need knowledge to do these |
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Term
| what impact can plant selection have on a yard maintenance |
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Definition
fast growing plants can need more pruning
plants that littler alot will constantly need cleaning up
hedges need constant shearing/hedging |
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Term
| why is it important to have an understanding about soils and landscape maintenance |
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Definition
soils- you will have a better idea of watering needs in your type of soil. you will have a better idea of what type of amendments and fertilizers are best for you plants
lands main- you will know when and the best way to prune/fertilize your plants |
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Term
| describe how to perform the 3-step cut method of pruning |
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Definition
| for every 8-10' you should do a bottom cut then and outside upper cut. when you are within 8' of the trunk then you can do a final cut just outside of the branch collar (3,5,7) (3,1,2) |
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Term
| list 6 reasons for pruning to control plant size |
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Definition
crossing branches
suckers
aesthetics
thinning
cut away from fireplace, walls, other plants
to maintain shape |
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Term
| explain apical dominance is and what it means to pruning |
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Definition
dominance of terminal bud
controlled by hormone
some plants have strong apical dominance
pruning off terminal bud starts lateral bud growth |
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Term
| 3 considerations in tree staking |
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Definition
could develop a smaller root system
trees need to be able to move a little to develop strength
rubbing and girdling
get young trees started
protect from equipment |
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Term
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Definition
spring flowering plants - after flowers
broadleaf evergreens - after flower
summer flowering - winter |
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Term
| explain what scheduling your pruning means |
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Definition
developing a program for the proper timing and pruning
schedule when it is required and appropriate so you dont cut off next years flowers and fruit |
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Term
| 3 reasons to protect plants |
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Definition
the wind
make it through transplanting and cold
to grow something that would not normally ne grown
frost
vandelism
pests and diseases
rodents |
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Term
| explain the following pruning techniques |
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Definition
shearing - takes off very little to make a shape
thinning - cutting out interior stems to open up the plant to make a more natural look, avoid insects and disease from forming in middle
hedges - a little bit heavier than shearing but also to keep in a straight rectangle shape for borders or screens
recondition pruning - taking off 1/3 - 1/2 of plant to promote new growth |
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Term
| explain how to plant a shrub |
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Definition
dig a hole 2x the diameter of the root ball
rough up the root ball, a little or a lot depending on the type and size of shrub
top of root ball should be even with ground
not above-watering problem
not below-rotting problem
backfill- building up soil outside the drip line to hold in water |
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Term
| i have a plant that is currently flowering. now i should fertilize to improvethe flowers |
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Definition
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Term
| lawns with square corners are quick and easy to mow |
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Definition
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Term
| in irrigation each time clock needs its own common wire |
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Definition
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Term
| as long as you follow the application rate you can fertilize as often as you want |
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Definition
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Term
| tree fertilizer recommendations are based on the diameter at breast height |
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Definition
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Term
| fertilizer pollution is becoming a bigger problem to the landscape industry |
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Definition
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Term
| generally in cutting your grass you should cut no more than 1/2 of the height in any one cutting |
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Definition
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Term
| drip irrigation can be run on the same clock as standard irrigation |
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Definition
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Term
| in using color avoid small beds of less than 50 sqft |
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Definition
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Term
| the water needs of summer annuals are similiar to those of turfgrass |
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Definition
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Term
| spring bulbs are planted in the spring and flower during the summer |
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Definition
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Term
| seasonal color has become more important in the landscape maintenance field |
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Definition
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Term
| annual bedding color usually has a 2-3 planting times a year |
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Definition
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Term
| warm season and cool season grasses look better after a fall overseeding of an annual grass |
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Definition
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|
Term
| over grown bedding plants use extra water |
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Definition
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|
Term
| a fertilizer ratio is the relationship between nitrogen and potassium |
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Definition
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|
Term
| a slip foot is a sprinkler fitting used to repair irrigation lines |
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Definition
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Term
| lawns should be irrigated to a depth of |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| warm season grasses should be fertilzed |
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Definition
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|
Term
| frm a manitenance standpoint what is annual color |
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Definition
| plants planted for blooming time and color not long term plantings |
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Term
| when should you fertilize |
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Definition
deciduous-early spring to early fall
flowering annuals and perennials-2-4wks in advance for flowering |
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Term
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Definition
promotes rapid healthy growth
can get leggy if apply too much
symptoms-stunted growth, pale yellowish color on new growth, yellow tips
misc
leaches out quickly
applied lbs of N |
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Term
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Definition
stimulates early growth
promotes root and seed/flower formation
symptoms-small growth
purplish, discolor in leaves
poor fruit and seed
spindly stalk
misc
most soil contains adequate amounts
does not move so apply near the plant |
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Term
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Definition
pot ash
promotes disease resistence and general health
symptoms
slow growth
weak stalk
scorched leaves
not mobile in soil
most soils have adequate amount |
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Term
| 2 different methods of applying fertilizer to lawns |
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Definition
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Term
| explain what a cool season grass is and give several points about it |
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Definition
green year round
best temps 60-75deg
heat tolerance-poor to fair
grows tall 1.5-2.5"
suffers during summer heat, goes dormant in extreme heat
ex: bluegrass, ryegrass, fescue or mix |
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Term
| describe difference in planting and care of annuals and perennials as seasonal color in the landscape |
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Definition
annuals need to be planted and pulled out each year/season
perennials come back each year but die outin winter, cut off all dead material, mulch to protect roots, fertilize early spring and will come back |
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Term
| explain a warm season grass |
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Definition
tolerance of summer heat
tolerance of drought
dormant and color loss in winter
mow .5-1.5"
de thatch with heavy rake, roots lay ontop of each other
withstands hard use
ex: Bermuda, St. Augustine |
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Term
| explain the difference between reel and rotary mowers |
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Definition
reel-higher cost, best for low growing grasses
cuts by scissor action
must be kept sharp
rotary-low cost
can buy mulching type
good for tall grasses 1" high is the lowest
cuts by blade impact |
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Term
| how many of pounds of fertilizer do i need |
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Definition
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Term
| how many plants do i need |
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Definition
sqft divided by how many in one foot
1 foot on center, you will need 100 plants for 100 square feet
144 divided by inches spaced=multiplier
multiplier x sqft=answer |
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Term
| what should you do in the fall to get plants ready for spring growth |
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Definition
clean up winter debris-to avoid pests and disease
check irrigation for broken parts and adjust times
fertilize appropriately
add compost and amendments
mulch plants
prune appropriately |
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Term
| find actual pounds of material |
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Definition
multiply analysis by the bag size
ex .21(%) x 100(lbs)=21lbs |
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Term
| to find the cost of material |
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Definition
| cost divided by bag size = cost per pound |
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Term
|
Definition
greatest risk and liability
many laws to follow
not everyone can spray |
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Term
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Definition
trade name
type of pesticide
ingredients
hazards- toxicity
directions-safety equipment |
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Term
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Definition
a business can not apply any type of pesticide without a state license
need:
maintenance gardener pest control
business license and
qualified applicator license |
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Term
| agricultural pest control advisor (PCA) |
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Definition
| makes recommendations for pest application |
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Term
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Definition
criminal
misdeamenor $500-5000 fine
10 days to 6mos in jail
or both |
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Term
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Definition
| 1000-10,000 for each violation |
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Term
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Definition
toxicity is the capacity of a substance to cause injury or death
must have signal words on label
caution #3
warning #2
danger #1 - need permit |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| material safety data sheet |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| selective or non-selective(broad spectrum) |
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Term
|
Definition
| selective or non-selective(broad spectrum) |
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Term
|
Definition
| selective or non-selective(broad spectrum) |
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Term
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Definition
employers written training program
each person who controls the use is responsible for the storage |
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Term
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Definition
read the label
use appropriate equipment
use appropriate application equipment
mix pesticides properly
clean any spills
dispose of containers properly |
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Term
|
Definition
| hazard waste disposal site |
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Term
|
Definition
eye protection(for drift)
gloves(protective)
chemical resistent clothing
respiratory protection(smell is there on purpose as warning) |
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Term
|
Definition
spray bottle
small tank sprayer
backpack sprayer
large tank sprayer
wick system-wipe on weeds
drop spreader
hand crank spreader |
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Term
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Definition
| the rapid reappearance of a pest population in injurious numbers, usually brought about after the application of a broad-spectrum pesticide |
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Term
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Definition
relationship between client and business
must be professional terms
used to develop a bid or price |
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Term
| maintenance specifications |
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Definition
a method of communication used to make a bid
provides a uniform format for bids
describes the limitations of the contractor |
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Term
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Definition
differ widely
no set standards
are not binding by themselves
not easy to write |
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Term
| parts of the specification |
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Definition
title
location
scope of work
materials-plant, mulch, fertilizer(ok but not if insecticide added) |
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Term
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Definition
should be as explicit as possible
put in writting
be sure to give details and clarify
add major points |
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Term
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Definition
apreement enforceable by law
legal document
divided into two sections
before and after photos |
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Term
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Definition
overall business terms
duration of the contract-definition of job completed
dimensions
location
number of sites
payment schedule |
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Term
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Definition
usually in several subsections
can fill in the blanks
provide details
include safeguards-holidays, additional work, adverse conditions |
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Term
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Definition
develop checklist
keep records
view the site and take notes
work schedule |
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Term
| types of irrigation systems |
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Definition
| hand, in ground, drip, micro-sprays |
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Term
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Definition
| by hose and variety of sprinklers, erratic, applied when you are available |
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Term
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Definition
| can be automatic or manual, most common method, effectiveness depends on design and installation |
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Term
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Definition
| used on shrubs, puts the water where needed, clogs up easily(bugs, dirt, salts in water), holding up drip 2" with stakes help alleviate this |
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Term
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Definition
| common, used for bedding plants, trees, small areas, similar to drip, but covers larger areas |
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Term
| irrigation system components |
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Definition
| heads, piping, valves, clocks |
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Term
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Definition
| many different shapes and sizes(sizes), 1'+ radius |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| manual or auto, some type of backflow required |
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Term
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Definition
| anti-siphon valve, has air pocket that keeps water from flowing back into water pipes, without it you could end up with fertilizer in residential pipes |
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Term
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Definition
| on/off manual switch thats it |
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Term
| system maintenance activities |
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Definition
| programming the time clock, cleaning and adjusting heads, fixing broken heads, wiring |
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Term
| programming the time clock |
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Definition
| must reset with power loss, need to adjust for the seasons, many different types |
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Term
| cleaning and adjusting heads |
|
Definition
| bugs, dirt, etc can block(clean screens, drip clog easily(most cant clean out, nust replace), must turn down throw to reduce waste/runoff |
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Term
|
Definition
| too much water(too long, too often), too little water(run too short or not enough), poor design(hard to fix(waters uneven), under watering can encourage bermuda |
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Term
|
Definition
| soil(absorption), wind(drift), mulch(reduce water need) |
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Term
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Definition
| 1-2" wk -3dys wk, never more than 4dys |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| ground covers water needed |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| 2"wk, deep soaks periodically |
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Term
|
Definition
| Design, Turf, Irrigation, Soil, Mulches, Plant selection(drought tolerant), Maintenance |
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Term
|
Definition
| save water without sacrificing landscape values, water conservation landscaping |
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