Term
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Definition
chestnut
some white markings okay
no black
solid |
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Term
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Definition
bay
similar color body
black points
mane/tail black
white markings okay |
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Term
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Definition
Shadowfax is:
Gray
almost white
start dark gray then get lighter
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Term
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Definition
Buckskin
creamy with black tail/mane and legs |
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Term
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Definition
Dun
creamy with black tail/mane/legs
(don't have to distinguish between dun and buckskin according to my notes) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Appaloosa
-spots of white |
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Term
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Definition
| for many breeds, the age of a horse is calculated from set date (aug 1st) in the year in which it was born |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| foal that has been weaned |
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Term
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Definition
| horse between 1yr and 2yrs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| intact male horse up to 4yrs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| left side (should be approached and mounted from this side) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 4 inches (10cm) to withers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. general characterstics:
breed, age, color, gender, height
2. markings
3. brands
4.microchips |
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Term
| left shoulder brand on a thoroughbred horse indicates: |
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Definition
| o's brand -unique to the owner (the brand needs to be registered) |
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Term
| right shoulder brand indicates: |
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Definition
2nd #-digit the year ends in
(5--> '95 or '05)
1st #- # of born of the stud
(166--> 166th born of the stud on the stud farm) |
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Term
the top numbers on a standardbred indicate:
and where is this brand located? |
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Definition
S 3 0 4
S-Standard
3-state registered in
04- year of birth
right neck under mane |
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Term
| bottom numbers on standardbred brand? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| left side between head and withers |
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Term
what is the percentage of water in horses?
in neonates?
what loss of body water is fatal? |
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Definition
60% horses
80% neonates
10%+ loss can be fatal |
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Term
maintaince water requirement for adult horse?
(500 kg horse would require...)
neonate?
(50kg foal would require...) |
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Definition
adult- 50mL/kg/day
(25L/day for 500kg horse)
foal- 100mL/kg/day
(5L/day for 50 kg foal) |
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Term
| 5 basic nutrients of equine diet |
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Definition
1. water
2. carbs/fiber
-soluble
~mono/disaccharides (sugars), starch
-insoluble (fibre)
~cellulose- digested by bacteria
~lignin-not digested by bacteria
3. protein
-increased in nursing mares/foals
4. fats
-can tolerate up to 20% of caloric intake of fat
5. vitamins/nutrients
-horses create water soluble vitamins from hindgut bacteria
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Term
diet should consist of ______% forage/roughage ideally
______% for sedentary/light work horse |
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Definition
50% ideally
100% for sedentary/light work |
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Term
| feed change should be done__________ |
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Definition
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Term
| feeds should be measured: |
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Definition
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Term
| horses should eat ___% of their body weight in dry matter/day |
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Definition
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Term
| horses fed a high concentrated diet should be fed: |
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Definition
| small meals and often, usually less than 2.5kg/feed |
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Term
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Definition
1. diet should be 50% forage/roughage (100% sedentary/light work)
2. food change slowly over couple of weeks
3. feed should be measured by weight not volume
4. should eat 2% of their body weight in dry matter/day
5. fed a high con. diet should be fed small meals and often (usually <2.5kg/feed)
6. feed each horse as an individual |
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Term
4 ways for estimating body weight
(in order of accuracy) |
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Definition
1. visual ("guessing")
2. weight tapes
-tape around girth
3. tables/nomograms
4. scales |
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Term
| 4 ways of administering anthelmintics (deworming) |
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Definition
1. oral pastes/gels
2. oral granules
3. liquids (stomach tube)
4. NO topical or inj. anthelmintics registered |
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Term
| some examples of nondrug parasite control (4) |
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Definition
1. pasture rotation and rest
2. env. influences
3. species rotate on pastures
4. faecal collection |
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Term
| 5 vxs and how are are they admin'd? |
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Definition
1. tetanus
2. strangles
3. herpesvirus
4. salmonella
5. rotavirus
(aus list)
IM inj. |
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Term
| dental formula decididous and perm. |
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Definition
decid. - I3/3 C1/1 PM 3/3
perm- I 3/3 C1/1 PM 4/4 M 3/3
PM one-> wolf teeth |
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Term
| 1st incisor (central) erupts at age: |
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Definition
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Term
| 2nd incisor (lateral) erupts at: |
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Definition
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Term
| 3rd incisor (corner) erupts at age: |
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Definition
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Term
| normal behavior: (3 aspects) |
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Definition
1. naturally gregarious (social groups)
2. hierarchy, dom. mare
3. prey species
--> strong flight response |
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Term
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Definition
no red
blind zone in rear |
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Term
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Definition
| can hear ultrasound not available to humans |
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Term
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Definition
smell water 100s m away
id people/horses, home ranges, feces
stallions smell for mares in season
(flehmen-sampling phermones) |
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Term
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Definition
sweet/bitter
hard to mask tastes
will seek out grass high in iron/copper |
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Term
| cite some examples of why a horse would paw with front foot |
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Definition
investigate
sign of frustration
when eating impatiently
habit
anxious/afraid
sign of abd pain (collic)
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Term
| from natal band, what do neonates do next? |
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Definition
juvenile dispersal
colts 1 yr
males leave for play
females leave for sex
males will dismiss familar females |
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Term
| why do horses sleep standing? |
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Definition
prey species
not easy to stand
only need 1-2 hrs of REM sleep
have a stay apparatus -lock leg joints without much E |
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Term
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Definition
A: closest to natural env
less intensive (less human stress)
need for supp. feeding reduced
exercise
compansionship
socialization
D: don't choose companions (bullying)
human inconvience of catching horse
exposure to elements
injury
intensive grazing
hair coat changes |
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Term
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Definition
A: convient
easy to observe
confinement (good for injury)
protection from weather/injury
D: not natural
expense (bedding, building, feeding time)
intensive management (feeding, mucking out)
lack of exercise
anxiety
lack of companionship/socialization
frustration
form bad habits (cribbing, wind sucking, weaving/rocking, destruction) |
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Term
| hooves are trimmed every ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 possible causes of laminitis |
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Definition
overfeeding
diet
endotoxic from placenta in mares |
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Term
| mares are ___________ breeders |
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Definition
seasonally polyestrous breeders
natural breeding season begins in spring in repsonse to increased day length |
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Term
mares are sexually mature by what age?
what age bred? |
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Definition
2 years
usually not bred until fully grown (>4yrs) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| nurse foal up to what age? |
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Definition
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Term
estrus cycle is how many days?
in estrus for how long?
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Definition
cycle every 21 days
in estrus 4-6 days |
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Term
| when to ultrasound postbreeding? |
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Definition
12-14 days
1. detect preg
2. detect twins (crush one embryo :( )
day 42-confirm still preg
day 70- determine sex |
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Term
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Definition
stage I 30 min fetal membrane rupture (water broke)
stage II 30 min birth
stage III <3 hrs pass placenta (afterbirth) |
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Term
| 5 possible complications of foaling |
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Definition
1. dystocia
-position
-early intervention is critical!
2. prematurity
3. premature placental separation ('red bag')
4. retained placenta (laminitis)
5. running milk (loss of colostrum) |
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Term
| when foal born what to do with umbilical cord? |
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Definition
| dont cut! can deprive oxygen--> brain damage |
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Term
| foals should do what and when within 24 hrs? |
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Definition
breath- immediate
stand- 20-120 min
nurse- 60-120 min
urinate- 60 min-12 hrs
meconium (1st defecation)- 24 hours |
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Term
| List 4 reasons why a horse would have increased water needs |
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Definition
dietary
envirnomental
physiological (age/lactation/exercise)
pathological
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