Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Hormones
n/a
35
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
07/13/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

(ATCH)

Definition
  • effects the increase of production and release of corticosteroids and cortisol
  • produced in the anterior pituitary gland
  • acts on the adrenal cortex
  • released due to stress, CRH- corticotropin releasing hormone
  • HT=Peptide hormone
Term

Antidiuretic Hormone

(ADH)

Definition
  • increases water retention and reduces urine 
  • produced in the hypothalamus to posterior pituitary gland
  • targets the kidney
  • produced as a result of dehydration
  • HT= Peptide hormone
  • also functions as a neurotransmitter!
Term

Aldosterone

 

Definition
  • increases the resorption of sodium and water; increases the release of potassium in kidneys
  • adrenal gland (cortex)
  • targets the kidneys
  • released when blood pressure is too low (aldosterone increases bp)
  • HT= Steriod hormone
Term
Androgens
Definition
  • a steriod hormone, that stimulates/control the development of male characteristics
  • produced in the adrenal gland (cortex), testis
  • targets androgen receptors
  • signaled by male development
Term
Angiotensinogen
Definition
  • a precursor to angiotensin II (prohormone)
  • produced in the liver
  • increased levels of corticosteriods, estrogen, thyroid hormone, and angiotensin II in blood results in its release
Term

Atrial Heart Factor

(Atrial natriuretic peptide)
Definition
  • a vasodilator
  • a protein (peptide) hormone
  • produced by the heart
  • acts in response to HBP
  • decreases blood volume and BP by increasing Na+ and water loss by kidneys
Term
Calcitonin
Definition
  • a protein hormone, that reduces osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity
  • produced by the thyroid gland
  • released in response to high blood calcium levels
Term
Calcitriol
Definition
  • a steriod hormone, that increase calcium absorption in the small intestines, binds to osteoclasts and therefore stimulates osteoblast activity, and weakly promotes calcium resorption in kidneys
  • produced by the kidneys
  • released due to low blood calcium levels

 

Term
Cortisol
Definition
  • a steriod hormone, that increases blood sugar and stores of sugar in liver as glycogen, supresses the immune system, and helps metabolize fat, protein, and carbohydrates.
  • produced by the adrenal gland (cortex)
  • released in response to stress
  • targets many cells!
Term
Epinephrine
Definition
  • increases heart rate, contracts blood vessels, dilates air passages (participates in the flight or fight response of the nervous system)
  • produced by adrenal gland (medulla)
  • targets heart, blood vessels, and lungs
  • released in response to stress
  • HT= Monoamines
Term
Erythropoietin
Definition
  • a protein hormone, that controls red blood cell formation (erythropoesis/hemopoesis)
  • produced in kidneys
  • released as a response to injury (healing process)
  • targets bone marrow

 

Term
Estrogen
Definition
  • a steroid hormone, that stimulates/controls the development of female characteristics
  • targets estrogen receptors
  • produced by the ovaries (adrenal cortex???)

 

 

Term

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

(FSH)

Definition
  • a protein hormone, stimulates production of egg or sperm cells
  • produced by the anterior pituitary gland
  • gonads!
  • gonadotropin
  • released due to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Term
Gastrin
Definition
  • a protein hormone, that stimulates the release of gastric acid in the stomach
  • produced in and targets the stomach
  • its release is stimulated by gastric luminal peptides
Term

Somatostatin

Growth Hormone-Inhibiting Hormone

(GHIH)

Definition
  • protein hormone
  • produced by the hypothalamus
  • stimulated by rise in blood glucose and amino acids after a meal!
  • in the anterior pituitary gland:

-inhibits the release of growth hormone (GH)

-inhibits the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

  • -supresses the release of pancreatic hormones (insulin and glucagon)

 

Term
Glucagon
Definition
  • protein hormone
  • produced by alpha cell of pancreas
  • raises the amount of glucose in blood (causes liver to convert stored glycogen to glucose)
  • triggered by low blood sugar
  • targets the liver
Term

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone

(GnRH)

Definition
  • protein hormone
  • responsible for the release of lutenizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
  • produced by the hypothalamus
  • targets the anterior pituitary gland

 

Term

Growth Hormone

(GH)

Somatotropin

Definition
  • protein hormone
  • produced by the anterior pituitary gland
  • stimulates growth, regeneration, and cell division
  • stimulated by CRH- corticotropin-releasing hormone
  • targets the liver and fat, muscle, bone
  • causes the release of Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) in liver, which cause cell proliferation

 

Term

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

(HCG)

Definition
  • protein hormone
  • produced by placenta
  • prevents the disintegration of the corpus luteum and maintain progesterone production

 

Term
Inhibin
Definition
  • protein hormone
  • produced in orvaries and testis
  • inhibits follicle stimulating hormone production and release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
  • targets the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland

 

Term
Insulin
Definition
  • protein hormone
  • produced by the beta cells of the pancreas
  • stimulates the liver to convert blood glucose in to glycogen for storage
  • triggered by high blood glucose
  • targets the liver
Term

Lutenizing hormone

(LH)

Definition
  • protein hormone
  • produced by the anterior pituitary gland
  • in female, it causes ovulation and corpus luteum to secrete progesterone and estrogen; in males, stimulates interstitial cells of testis to secrete testosterone
  • targets the gonads
  • released due to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Term
Melatonin
Definition
  • HT=Monoamine
  • produced by the pineal gland
  • regulates the sleep-wake cycle
  • stimulated by the presence/absence of light

 

Term
Norepinephrine
Definition
  • HT= Monoamines
  • produced by the adrenal gland (medulla)
  • released in the flight or fight response: increases blood pressure, stimulates metabolism of glucose stores, increased circulation to skeletal muscles
  • triggered by stress
Term

Oxytocin

(OT)

Definition
  • produced by hypothalamus to posterior pituitary gland
  • protein hormone
  • role in labor contraction and lactation; sperm transport and emotional bonding

 

Term
Progesterone
Definition
  • steroid hormone
  • produced by ovaries
  • prepares body for pregnancy, inhibits lactation while pregnant
  • apart of the menstral cycle
Term

Prolactin

(PRL)

Definition
  • produced by the anterior pituitary gland
  • protein hormone
  • in females, stimulates milk syntheis; in males, increases lutenizing hormone sensitivity, thus increasing testosterone secretion
  • targets the mammary gland
  • released due to Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

 

Term

Parathyroid Hormone

(PTH)

Definition
  • produced by parathyroid gland
  • protein hormone
  • binds to osteoblasts and stimulates osteoclastic activity, promotes calcium reabsorption in kidneys, promotes the synthesis of calcitrol, inhibits collagen synthesis by osteoblasts which inhibits bone deposition
  • triggered by low blood calcium
Term
Secretin
Definition
  • regulates the release of substances into the digestive tract: release of bile, insulin, pepsin,somastatin, glucagon; inhibits gastrin
  • produced by small intestine
  • protein hormone
Term
Testosterone
Definition
  • produced by gonads
  • steriod hormone
  • stimulates the male sexual maturation

 

Term
Thymopoietin
Definition
  • regulates immune fucntion
  • produced in thymus
  • protein hormone
Term

Thyroid Hormone

[[T3 and T4]]

Definition
  • HT= Monoamine
  • produced by thyroid gland
  • increases the body's metabolic rate & O2 consumption, increases heat production, increases heart rate and contractile strength, increases respiratory rate, stimulates appetite and the breakdown of carbs, fat, and protein!
Term

Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone

(TRH)

Definition
  • protein hormone
  • produced in the hypothalamus
  • targets the anterior pituitary gland
  • promotes thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) production

 

Term

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone

(TSH)

Definition
  • protein hormone
  • produced in the anterior pituitary gland
  • targets the thyroid
  • stimulates growth and secretion of thyroid: by stimulating the follicular cells of the thyroid to release T3 and T4 from the thyroglobulin for release into the plasma membrane!
  • produced in response to TRH
Supporting users have an ad free experience!