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Hormones and Babies
The weeks of the developing fetus, and hormones involved with pregnancy
20
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/30/2012

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Term
Gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH)
Definition
Source: Hypothalamus, Stimulates the release of anterior pituitary hormones FSH and LH
Term
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Definition
Source: Anterior pituitary gland, Stimulates follicle growth in the ovaries
Term
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Definition
Souce: Anterior pituitary gland, 1)supports maturation of follicle 2)LH surge triggers ovulation 3)supports maturation of corpus luteum by stimulating production of progesterone
Term
Estrogen
Definition
Source: Follicular cells or fat, Stimulates proliferative phase of endometrium, which means estrogen regenerates of the functional layer of the endometrium after menstruation-responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females
Term
Progesterone
Definition
Source: Corpus luteum, 1)stimulates the secretory phase of the endometrium 2) affects other parts of the reproductive system (e.g. maintains uterine lining)
Term
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
Definition
Source: Placenta (chorion/trophoblast), Maintains the corpus luteum, therefore high levels of progesterone persist and the functional endometrium is maintained. The corpus luteum of pregnancy secretes progesterone until the end of the 4th month of pregnancy-note: in absence of developing embryo the corpus luteum degenerates to form corpus albicans, progesterone declines and the endometrium is shed and menstruation occurs
Term
Oxytocin "love hormone" source
Definition
Source: posterior pituitary gland – the synthetic form is PITOCIN (doctors give this to induce labor)
Term
Oxytocin "love hormone" action
Definition
Letdown reflex – in lactating (breastfeeding) mothers, oxytocin acts on the mammary glands; Uterine contraction – important for cervical dilation before birth and causes contractions during the second and third stages of labor.
Term
Relaxin source
Definition
Produced by the corpus luteum of the ovary, the breast, and during pregnancy by the placenta/ chorion
Term
Relaxin action
Definition
In animals, relaxin widens the pubic bone and facilitates labor; it also softens the cervix (cervical ripening), and relaxes the uterine musculature (thus inhibits uterine contractions).
Term
Human placental lactogen (HPL)
Definition
Source: placenta, Its structure and function is similar to that of human growth hormone. Stimulates breast development and it modifies the metabolic state of the mother during pregnancy to facilitate the energy supply of the fetus
Term
Aldosterone
Definition
Source: Kidneys, promotes sodium retention (and WATER)
Term
Parathyroid hormone PTH
Definition
Source: parathyroid glands, maintains calcium concentrations in the blood
Term
Week 2
Definition
Germ layers- Endoderm, Mesoderm, Ectoderm
Term
Week 3
Definition
Beginning brain, heart, blood cells, circulatory system, spinal cord, and digestive system (PACKAGE)
Term
Week 4
Definition
Bone and limbs (presence of arm and leg buds).
Term
Week 5
Definition
Ears, nose, lungs, urinary system
Term
Week 6
Definition
Digits
Term
Week 7
Definition
Hair, eyelids, sex organs, AND first evidence of brain waves.
Term
Week 8
Definition
Internal organs well developed, the brain can signal for muscles to move, heart development ends, external sex organs begin to form (but the good stuff doesn’t happen until weeks 12-14).
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