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Hormone Test
All the hormones and glands that will be on the test
42
Anatomy
12th Grade
05/02/2013

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Term
hormone
Definition
second messenger of the body, chemical messengers
Term
what processes do hormones control?
Definition
-reproduction
-growth and development
-mobilization of body defenses
-maintenance of homeostasis
-regulation of metabolism
Term
what are hormones composed of?
Definition
-amino acids
-protiens
-peptides
-amines
-steroids (cholesterol)
-prostaglandins (highly active lipids)
Term
How does the steroid hormone enter the cell?
Definition
lipid soluable, diffuses through the plasma membrane of target cells, enters the nucleus
Term
How does a nonsteroid hormone enter the cell?
Definition
binds to a membrane receptor, doesn't enter cell directly, activates enzymes
Term
How are hormone levels maintained in the blood?
Definition
negative feedback
Term
Pituitary Gland
Definition
hangs by hypothalamus, protected by the sphenoid bone, has two lobes: anterior and posterior
Term
Anterior Pituitary
Definition
Growth Hormone, Prolactin (PRL), Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Gonadotrophic hormones (FSH, Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Term
Posterior Pituitary
Definition
Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Term
Pituitary-Hypothalamus relationship?
Definition
release of hormones is controlled by hormones produced from hypothalamus
posterior pituitary not strictly endocrine gland, but does release hormones
Term
PRL
Definition
Prolactin:
stimulates and maintains milk production following childbirth
Term
ACTH
Definition
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone: regulates endocrine activity of thyroid
Term
TSH
Definition
Thryoid Stimulating Hormone: influences growth and hormonal activity of the thyroid
Term
FSH
Definition
follicle stimulating hormone:
stimulates follicle development in ovaries
stimulates sperm development in males
Term
LH
Definition
luteinizing hormone: triggers ovulation, causes ruptured follicle to become corpus luteum, stimulates testosterone production in males
Term
Oxytocin
Definition
stimulates contractions of uterus during labor, causes milk ejection
Term
ADH
Definition
Antidiuretic hormone: can inhibit urine production, causes vasoconstriction leading to high blood pressure
Term
Thyroid Gland
Definition
found at the base of the throat, consists of two lobes, produces thyroid hormone and calcitonin
Term
Thyroid Hormone
Definition
major metabolic hormone, composed of t4 and t3`
Term
Calcitonin
Definition
decreases blood calcium levels by causing deposition on bone
Term
Parathyroid Gland
Definition
tiny masses on posterior thyroid, secrete PTH, stimulates osteoclasts and kidneys, raises calcium levels in the blood
Term
Adrenal Gland
Definition
two glands, sits on top of kidneys, adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
Term
Adrenal Cortex
Definition
mineralacarticoids, glucocorticoids, sex hormones
Term
Mineralacorticoids
Definition
regulate mineral content in blood, water, and electrolyte balance, target organ is kidney
Term
Glucocorticoids
Definition
includes cortisone and cortisol, promote normal cell metabolism, helps resist long term stressers
Term
Sex Hormones
Definition
androgens for males and estrogen for females
Term
Adrenal Medulla
Definition
produces epinephrine and nonepinephrine, helps body prepare for short term stress
Term
Pancreatic Islets
Definition
produces insulin and glucagon
Term
insulin
Definition
allows glucose to cross plasma membranes into cells from beta cells
Term
glucagon
Definition
allows glucose to enter blood from alpha cells
Term
diabetes type 1
Definition
no insulin
Term
diabetes type 2
Definition
not enough insulin
Term
Pineal Gland
Definition
secretes melatonin (establishes body's wake and sleep cycles)
Term
Thymus
Definition
produces thymosin which matures white blood cells
Term
Ovaries
Definition
Estrogen and Progesterone
Term
Estrogen
Definition
produced by placenta, stimulates development of secondary female characteristics, matures female reproductive organs, helps prepare uterus to recieve fertilized egg, helps maintain pregnancy, helps breasts produce milk
Term
Progesterone
Definition
produced by corpus luteum, acts with estrogen to bring about menstral cycle, helps with the implantation of an embryo in uterus
Term
Testosterone
Definition
responsible for male secondary sex characteristics, promotes growth and maturation of male reproductive system, required for sperm cell production
Term
male secondary sex characteristics
Definition
hair growth, deepening of the voice, muscle growth, sperm production
Term
Old age
Definition
menopause, reduced estrogen, decline on growth hormone production, many endocrine glands reduce output with age
Term
What was wrong with Eric?
Definition
tumor in the pituitary gland, caused weird abundance in growth hormone, FSH made him sterile in sperm production
Term
Pancreas
Definition
keeps blood sugar within normal levels
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