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Hormone and effect
N/A
43
Anatomy
Graduate
02/18/2013

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Term
Growth Hormone (GH)
Definition
Tropic: Regulates overall body growth by stimulating release of somatomedins.
Non-tropic: increases intermediary metabolism. Liver: (+) glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, + BG. Adipose: + lipolysis. Increase cellular uptake of AA and protein synthesis.
Term
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
Definition
simulates somatotropes to release GH
Term
Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH)
Definition
Inhibits somatotropes from releasing GH
Term
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Definition
Stimulates release of TH from colloid in thyroid follicles.
Term
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)
Definition
Stimulates release of TSH from thryrotropes in Anterior pituitary
Term
Adrenocorticotropic Releasing Hormone (ACTH)
Definition
Regulates release glucocorticoids, esp. Cortisol. In turns raise free fatty acids and glucose in blood stress.
Term
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)
Definition
Stimulates release of ACTH from anterior pituitary by corticotropes
Term
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Definition
Regulates secretion of gonadal Hormones.
Term
Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
Definition
Regulates secretion of gonadal Hormones.
Term
Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Definition
Promotes Release and regulation of FSH and LH from gonadotropes in anterior pituitary
Term
Prolactin (PRL)
Definition
Stimulates milk production in Women.
Term
Prolactin-inhibiting Hormone (PIH) or Dopamine (DA)
Definition
Inhibits lactotropes from releasing PRL.
Term
Prolactin-releasing Hormone (PRH)
Definition
Stimulates release of PRL form Lactotropes
Term
Oxytocin
Definition
Stimulates smooth muscle contractions via increase in ICF of Calcium.
Term
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Definition
Decreases urinary excretion of water, which increases Blood pressure and blood volume and decreases osmolarity.
Term
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
Definition
Unknown
Term
Melatonin
Definition
Contributes to circadian rhythm. Protects from free radicals. Supress reproductive function until puberty
Term
Thyroid Hormone (TH) T3 and T4
Definition
Maintains metabolic rate of body cells.
Permissive for catecholamines. Essential for normal growth and development of NS
Term
Calcitonin
Definition
Inhibits osteoclasts and bone resorption.
Term
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Definition
Increases blood [Ca2+] via.
Bone: stimulates osteoclasts to increase resorption of calcium from bone matrix.
Kidneys: decreases Ca2+ excretion and activates Calcitriol.
SI: With Calcitriol causes increased absorption of Ca2+ in gut.
Term
Aldosterone (mineralocorticoids)
Definition
Increases Na+ reabsorption in kidneys, thus increasing Blood volume and BP. Decrease K
Term
Cortisol (glucocorticoid)
Definition
Adipose: Lipolysis, increasing FFA, glucose sparing effect.
Liver: gluconeogenesis, + proteolysis, increasing BG.
Immune system: Immune suppressant.
Permissive for vasoconstriction
Term
Androgens (gonadocorticoids)
Definition
Contributes to onset of puberty and female libido, as well as secondary sex characteristics.
Term
Catecholamines, Norepinephrine (NE) and Epinephrine (E)
Definition
Liver: +glycogenolysis, +gluconeogenesis.
SK muscle- increase metab
Cardiac output- increase HR,output and BP
Adipose- lipolysis
Resp- bronchiole dilation
GI- decrease activity
Term
Glucagon
Definition
Liver: +gluconeogenesis, +glycogenolysis.
Adipose- +lipolysis
Term
Insulin
Definition
Liver and Sk. muscle: +glycogenesis, decrease glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
adipose- increase synth of triglycerides
cells- increase uptake of glucose and AA uptake
Term
Estrogen
Definition
Maturation of reproductive organs of female, secondary sex characteristics, menstruation.
Term
Progesterone
Definition
Breast development and Menstruation
Term
Testosterone
Definition
Secondary sex characteristics. Sperm production and matur of repro organs
Term
Inhibin
Definition
Males: decreases FSH release and GnRH release
Females: decrease FSH and GnRh
Term
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Definition
Bypasses Hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian control and maintains release of Estrogen and Progesterone
Term
Thymosins
Definition
Development and maturation of T-lymphocyte for immune response
Term
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
Definition
Reduction of blood volume and BP via increased excretion of salts and water through kidneys. Inhibits Aldosterone’s secretion
Term
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
Definition
Reduction of blood volume and BP via increased excretion of salts and water through kidneys. Inhibits Aldosterone’s secretion
Term
Cholecalciferol
Definition
after activation in kidneys and liver causes increased Ca2+ absorption in SI
Term
Calcitriol
Definition
Assisted by PTH in the increased absorption calcium for diet
Term
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Definition
Stimulates production of RBC’s
Term
Gastrin
Definition
stimulates release of HCl
Term
Secretin
Definition
Liver and Pancreas: Stimulates release of bicarbonate juices
Stomach- inhibits secretory action
Term
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Definition
Pancreas: stimulates release of enzyme rich juice
Gallbladder- stim release of stored bile

Causes sphincter to relax allowing bile and pancreatic juices into duodenum
Term
Leptin
Definition
suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure
Term
Resistin
Definition
antagonizes the actions of insulin on cells
Term
Ghrelin
Definition
Increases appetite
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