Term
| How were black Americans made to feel like second class citizens in the South in the 1950's? |
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Definition
| The true question is how were black Americans not made to feel like second class citizens!? Segregation was a huge factor in their discrimination but the Jim Crow Laws were a major part of this. |
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Definition
Jim Crow laws began to be passed in the South. These laws forbade interracial marriage between blacks and whites and established many other restrictions on social and religious contract between the races including:
1. seperate hospitals
2. train cars
3. elevators
4. witness stands
5. restaurants
6. restrooms
7. cemeteries
8. schools
the facilities provided for blacks were always inferior to those provided for whites. |
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Term
| What was the effect of the Supreme Court decision in Plessy vs. Ferguson in 1986? |
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Definition
| It legalized segregation and the Jim Crow Laws |
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Term
| What case overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson in 1954? What precedent was established by this case? |
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Definition
| The case that overturned the Plessy vs. Ferguson case was Brown vs. the Board of Education. It declared that segregation was not allowed in public schools. In a private school it was allowed but not in public schools. |
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Term
| What is the significance of Thurgood Marshall? |
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Definition
| he was the lawyer that argued the Brown vs. The Board of Education case and won. He was later known as the first African American Justice to be on the Supreme Court. |
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Term
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Definition
| She was An NAACP Civil Rights activist who refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery Alabama Bus to a white person. She sparked the Bus Boycott. The boycott also brought about another familiar face... Martin Luther King Jr. |
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Term
| What events in the civil rights movement happened in Montgomery, Alabama? |
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Definition
| The Bus Boycott occurred here. People refused to ride the busses eventually forcing them to either shut down or abolish the 'blacks sit at the back of the bus' rule. They would walk or get rides to work, but they would not ride the bus. Martin Luther King Jr. became known at this point. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was the Governor of Arkansas who attempted to stop the integration of Little Rock Central High School. |
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Term
| What did President Eisenhower do when the Governor of Arkansas challenged the integration of the Little Rock School System? |
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Definition
| When Orval Faubus heard of this he moved to challenge those plans. Eisenhower federalized the state guard and sent in Army paratroopers to take control of the situation. Every day the African American students received an escort into school by army troops. Even so, harassment of the students continued from some quarters. The following year, Governor Faubus shut down the Little Rock Schools. Federal courts made it clear that 'evasive schemes' designed to foil school desegregation would not be tolerated. In 1959 the Little Rock schools were peacefully desegregated. |
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Term
| What was the SNCC and why was it formed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did civil rights activists stage a march on Washington, D.C. in 1963? |
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Definition
| In April and May of 1963 the SCLC, at the invitation of the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights, staged a series of demonstrations against Birmingham, Alabama's segregation policies. Birmingham was known as one of the most segregated cities in the south and African Americans and their institutions had been targeted by dynamite bombs on 18 occasions from 1957 to 1963. Police Chief Eugen 'Bull' Connor responded by arresting many of the demonstrators including Rev. King and Rev. Fred Shuttleworth (head of the Alabama Christians.) King Shuttlesworth were eventually released on bail and the tempo of the demonstrations increased as did the police repsonse. The police and fire department used high pressure water boses on the demonstrators along with police dogs and night sticks. The images were all the more intense becaues women and children were among the demonstrators. The brutality of the Birmingham authorities was captured by TV news crews who broadcast these images to the world. Continued protests, and economic boycott, and negative media coverage finally convinced Birmingham officials to end segregation. This victory inspired other African Americans to take action and convinced President Kennedy that only a new civil rights act could end racial ciolence and satisfy the demands of African Americans and many whites... for racial Justice. |
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Term
| In the summer of 1964, why did many white, northern, college students travel to the Deep South? |
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Definition
| In 1964 CORE and SNCC started project known as freedom summer. This was an effort that targeted African Americans living in the deep south in an attempt to get them to register to vote. Progress was slow so, in an attempt to fortify the project, civil rights groups recruited college students and trained them in non-violent resistance. Thousands of student volunteers (mostly white) went to Mississippi to help register voters. For some, the job had deadly consequences. In June of 1964, three young civil rights workers disappeared in Neshoba County, Mississippi. Investigators later learned that loval Klansmen and law enforcement had murdered the men (two of whom were white.) 16 men were arrested and charged with the murder. Seven men were convicted and sentenced to prison terms. |
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Term
| What is Watts and what happened there in 1965 that forced the National Guard to respond? |
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Definition
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Term
| What famous black American leader firmly believed in the power of non-violent protest? |
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Definition
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