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1618-1648
most devastating war in Holy Roman Empire
-involved France, Spain, England, Sweden
-began regionally but spread |
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1618-1715
Response to the period of reformation and return to stability |
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-time of one-man rule
-no democracy, ruled by king
-empires usually progressed from tight rule into democracy |
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| Characteristics of Absolutism |
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Definition
-no checks and balances of power
-king had free reign to do what he pleased
-rule happened on local level
-nobility was controlled and emasculated |
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-needed to keep moving to survive
-meant military warfare all of the time
-armies and navies bigger than ever |
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-needed to keep moving to survive
-meant military warfare all of the time
-armies and navies bigger than ever |
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-regent of Louis XIII "great centralizer"
-wanted religious stability in France
-expelled Catholics and Protestants who interfered
-moved against nobles |
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Definition
-Assumed throne at 5 so needed regent
-Nobles began to fight which led to civil war
-Moved them all to Versailles which focused their attention on gaining favor of the King
-Nobles emasculated under Louis XIV |
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Definition
-Palace lived in by Louis XIV, first king to live outside of Paris
-Housed king and nobles
-Became center for arts in Europe |
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| Revocation of the Edict of Nantes |
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Definition
-Favored Catholics
-Stripped away legal rights of Protestants |
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Definition
-French language become dominant
-Strong military power
-Centralized power in Versailles |
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Term
| Spain's decline from greatness |
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Definition
-cautious, pessimistic
-weak rule, weak military
-unable to centralize power because there were too many colonies |
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Term
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Definition
-opposition to taxes
-nobility were uncooperative
-aristocratic taste for commerce
-gained lots of gold from colonies and used it to pay: no incentive to strive forward |
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Term
| The Spanish Century 1500's |
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Definition
| -Time period in which Spain gained great wealth and gold which later led to their bankrupcy in the 1600's |
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Definition
-ruled 1661-1700
-deformed and mentally retarded
-prognathism: lower jaw, underbite, couldn't chew, large tongue
-represented suffocation of Spain |
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Definition
-Ruled by Hohenzollem family 1618-1918
-Enlarged their lands through inheritance |
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Term
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Definition
-production of silk
-experts of production in Germany |
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Term
| Growth of Prussian army (spartans) |
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Definition
-increased army size x10
-grew to large size because each family of serfs were allowed to keep their lands but had to send son back to serve in army
-most militarized state in Europe |
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Term
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Definition
| Welcomed Protestants to build up and not divide |
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Term
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Definition
Austria ruled by Hapsburgs (Catholics
Prussia ruled by Protestants |
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Term
| Characteristics of Russia |
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Definition
-Always under absolute rule with no renaissance, reformation, or opening
-Capital originally in Kiev, ran out by Mongols and moved to Moscow |
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Definition
-ruled 1682-1725
-Made Russia open to western values
-Made series of changes
-Built new capital at St. Petersburg |
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Term
| Changes made by Peter the Great |
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Definition
-Updated Russian fashion
-Hired Western architects
-Put church under state rule |
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Term
| Russian church under Peter the Great |
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Definition
1710- Patriarch dies and but Peter never appoints a new one
1725 Peter becomes the head of the church: banishes Jesuits and takes monastery wealth |
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Term
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Westerners- Russia should be open to ideas from outside and move ahead
Slavophites- everything Russia needs she has within herself |
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Term
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Definition
-1640's
-fought over jurisdiction and supremacy
-Parliament wins in 1646 and imprisons King Charles I |
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Term
| Effects of the English Civil War |
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Definition
-Temporarily eliminated upper house of Congress
-Eliminated monarchy and turned England into a republic
-Charles I executed |
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Term
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Definition
-Came to rule after 1650's parliament was dissolved
-Appointed as "lord protector" |
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Term
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Definition
-Divided England into 12 military districts
-Zealous Puritan (Calvinist) whose greatest enemies were the Anglicans
-Died in 1658 and was by replaced by his son who was eventually overthrown by generals |
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Term
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-1660
-Charles II and James II return to rule
-General amnesty granted |
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Definition
-Favored Catholics
-Parliament thought they could outlast him, but after he had a son, was overthrown |
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Term
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Definition
-The murder of a king
-Ex: Charles I after English Civil War |
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Term
| Willam and Mary of Orange and Glorious Revolution |
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Definition
-Came from Netherlands to rule
-Had to agree to English Bill of Rights that limited their power
-led to Constitutional Monarchy |
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Term
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Definition
-Came from the Glorious Revolution
-Monarchy now controlled by bill of rights
-No absolute power |
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Definition
-Freed from Spanish and united providences
-not interested in strong king
-weak politically but strong economically |
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