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| various ways of showing the curved earth on a flat surface. Mercator, Interrupted, and Mollweide |
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| scientists who study the early lives of peoples by analyzing the objects they left behind |
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| Neolithic (inventions and development) |
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Definition
| New stone age- became farmers, domesticated animals, started towns, wheel and the sail |
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| Paleolithic Age (inventions and developments) |
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| The Old Stone Age- nomads, cave paintings, control fire, stone; bone; and wood tools |
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| A land connection/before plate techtonic theory |
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| The change from hunting and gathering food to growing food |
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| latin:means city. complex religions, governments, speacilized skills, occupations, social classes, and methods of record keeping. |
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| Priests were the highest with power so they were considered like kings |
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| Agriculture (what crops and where grown) |
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| grew grains and vegetables, beans, corn, maize, and squash in America. Rice and root crops in Asia. In Middle East and Africa wheat, barley, and oats |
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| distance North or South of the Equator (horizontal) |
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| Distance East and West of the Prime Meridian (vertical) |
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| A person who knew how to read and write in ancient times |
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| Mummification (why and how?) |
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| To preserve rulers and nobles for afterlif. Removed the brain through the nostrils and took out most major organs. Filled the body cavity with spices than set it in preservation fluid for 70 days before wrapping it in bandages |
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| Old Kingdom (developments/achievements) |
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| Rulers were pharoahs, improved hieroglyphics, developed engineering skills. Created three gigantic pyramids at Giza |
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| New Kingdom (developments/achievements) |
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| Egyptian power reached it's peak, first woman ruler known in history, a controversial pharoah, decline of egyptian power |
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| Middle Kingdom (develoments/achievements) |
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| Become more interested in the common people, drained swap land at the Nile delta, and Egypt expanded it's borders |
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| Nile River, silt, Aswan High Dam |
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Definition
silt- a soil rich in minerals deposited by flooding rivers
Nile River- Life giver of Egypt
Aswan High Dam- provides electrical power and a steady flow of water to Egypt |
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| 6,000 BC, a pharoah of Upper Egypt |
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| 6,000 BC, a pharoah of Upper Egypt |
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| 6,000 BC, a pharoah of Upper Egypt |
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| Egypt--father of Cheops-- had three pyramids built |
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| vizier-right hand man of the pharoah Djoser |
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| the last great ruler of the new kingdom. Fought Hittites whole time in power |
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| First woman leader, pharoah during new kingdom |
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| testify in court, buy and sell property, seek divorce |
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| (middle kingdom) semetic people and conqueres of Egypt |
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| group of territories or peoples controlled by one ruler |
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| place where the Nile exits into the Delta |
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| Pictures that symbolizes and idea or action |
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| A piece of black stone and on it an inscription 3 forms; hieroglyphics, demotic, and Greek |
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| Ancient egyptian god and goddess |
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| Hebrews (contributions/history) |
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Definition
| Monotheism, christianity, 10 commandments |
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| Fertile Crescent(location/history) |
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| "cross roads of the world"- commands the land routes to Asia, Africa, and Europe |
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| Brutal and ruthless civilization |
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| uniform code of laws. basic principle was an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth |
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| temple of a god of a city-state in ancient Sumer |
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| Tigris and Euphrates Rivers(differences with other rivers) |
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| floods were unpredictable |
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| Hittite Empire(achievements) |
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Definition
| invented iron, chariots, and had a diplomacy for conquest |
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| Persian Empire(accomplishments) |
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| satraps, royal watchmen, Great Royal Road, and Zoratarians |
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| (1700 BC) Priest-King of Babylon |
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| Led Hebrews out of Egypt. On Mt.Sinai recieved 10 commandments |
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David-King of Isreal
Solomon-Davids son that became king |
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| Common beliefs of Hebrews and Zoroastrians |
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| Phonecians(accomplishments) |
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| traders, purple dye, Alphabet, built small city-states along Mediterranean coast, carriers of civilization |
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| (money economy) Traders and coined money |
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| strong city-state in Greece that focused mainly around their military |
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| official tittle of the popular assemly in Sparta |
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| overseers/government secret service |
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| political and social changes in Sparta after Helot revolt |
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Definition
| they cracked down more and built mre pressure (boiling pot) |
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| Spartan Army (training of youth) |
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| boys age 7, live in military barrack, brutal training, no shoes, encouraged to steal but heavily punished if caught |
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| Lifestyles of the Spartans |
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| Men at 20 married, women strong minded and worked out, not much art, no coined money iron bars instead |
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| son of King Cyrus--born around 600 BCE/Persian |
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| When Persia the worlds "super power" went head to head with Greece |
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| Greek advantages/Persian advantages |
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Persia-world super power
Greece- fought on own homeland |
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| Battle against Greece and Persia fought at Marathon |
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| Was the runner that ran for Spartan help when the battle of marathon wasa to occur |
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| "Great King" of Persia after Darius' demise |
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| a man that was thought to be insane because he knew the Persians would return |
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| A busy shipping port that Athens was connected to |
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| forseer that was thought to be able to talk to the god Apollo |
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| "Athens will be saved by a wall of wood" |
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| Spartan military commander |
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| When the Spartans tryed to hold off the Persians at the narrow mt. pass of Thermopylae |
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| island where the Athenian army trapped and destroyed the Persian fleet |
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| Alliance of Greek city-states willing to fight for their freedom |
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| 550 BC king of Persia-led a successful revolt against the Medes |
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| The founder of the Zorastarian religion |
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| Judah is a town in the country of Isreal |
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| wheat shortage, grapes/wine, olives/oil,goats, mules, donkeys, sheep |
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| poet/singing-many had defformities (Greek) |
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| Dark Ages (what brought them on?) |
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| Greece was invaded by the Dorians |
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| created Illiad and Odyssey/was a bard |
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| well educated, rich, honest, and trust worthy |
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| Between 2000 and 1400 BC-flourished on Crete |
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| government headed by a priviledged minority or upper class |
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| became a great tool used in battle(cluster of men armed with spears) |
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| siezed power of Greece with the help of poor citizens |
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| One of the major expenses/had a jury |
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| An ancient Greek historian |
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| Any play that wasn't a tragedie |
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| pain anad suffering involving main character |
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| play that examined how destiny affected the lives of individuals |
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| One of the greastest playwrites that created tradgedies |
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| playwrite that mocked almost every figure in Greek life |
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| All life came from logo's/divine spark (what they believed) |
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| All people are bad/evil-become Hermits (removed themselves from humans) |
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| No afterlife/enjoylife/do things in excess/Hedonism |
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| 2 wars between Athens and Sparta |
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| The rule of the rich and more powerful |
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| Athenian defense against invading Spartans |
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| Decided to rebuild Athens and brought it to it's "Golden Age" |
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| Put in charge of the Spartan fleet |
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| Brought end to Athenian Empire/Spartan and Persians won war |
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| An ancient Hellenic race that completed the overthrow of the Myceanian civilization |
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