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Homeostatic Inbalances of the Cardiovascular System
different inbalances that affect the heart
17
Anatomy
11th Grade
03/14/2011

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Term
pericarditis
Definition
inflammation of the pericardium, often resulting in a decrease in the amount of serous fluid. this in turn causes the pericardial layers to stick to eachother, forming painful adhesions that interfere with heart movements
Term
endocarditis
Definition
bacterial infection of the endocardium caused by the heart valve flaps becoming stiff --> causes the heart to contract more vigorously than normal
Term
angina pectoris
Definition
when the myocardium is deprived of oxygen, often resulting in crushing chest pain
Term
infarct
Definition
if angina is prolonged, the ischemic heart cells may die, forming this
Term
myocardial infarction
Definition
results from infarct. commonly called "heart attack" or "coronary"
Term
heart block
Definition
AV node damage can partially release the ventricles from control of the SA node. when this occurs, the ventricles begin to beat at their own rate, which is much slower, some or all of the time.
Term
ischemia
Definition
lack of an adequate blood supply to the heart
Term
fibrillation
Definition
a rapid uncoordinated shuddering of the heart. makes the heart totally useless as a pump
Term
murmurs
Definition
abnormal or unusual heart sounds
Term
CHF (congestive heart failure)
Definition
occurs when the pumping efficiency of the heart is depressed so that circulation is inadequate to meet tissue needs. a progressive condition that reflects weakening of the heart by coronary atherosclerosis
Term
pulmonary edema
Definition
caused when blood vessels within the lung become swollen with blood, the pressure within increases and fluid leaks from the circulation into the lung tissue.
Term
varicose veins
Definition
pooling of the blood in the feet and legs and inefficient venous return resulting from inactivity or pressure on the veins
Term
thromboplebitis
Definition
inflammation of a vein that results when a clot forms in a vessel with poor circulation
Term
orthostatic hypertension
Definition
temporary low blood pressure and dizziness when rising suddenly from a reclining or sitting position
Term
chronic hypertension
Definition
strains the heart and damages the arteries. the heart is forced to pump against increased resistance, causing the myocardium to enlarge.
Term
atherosclerosis
Definition
ravaging of blood cells by hypertension, causing small tears in the endothelium that accelerate this process
Term
congenital heart defects
Definition
environmental interferences such as maternal infection and ingested drugs during pregnancy are major causes. may include ductus arteriosus that does not close, septal openings, and other structural abnormalities of the heart.
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