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Term
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Definition
Treaty of Versailles
The Germans were forced to sign this.
They had to pay 30 billion dollars in repairations, turn oer 25% of their export industry to the allies, and had to reduce their army to a peace-time army (100,000 men) The Germans were humilated and blamed the Jews because the foreign minister of Germany that made them sign the treaty was a Jew |
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Definition
| The Germans made it back on their feet. Whohoo! |
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Term
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Definition
Hitler is called the Fuhrer (leader)and he marches towards city hall. There is open fire, 11 Nazi's died and Hitler ran away. He turns himself in in 1924.
Nazi part has a few thousand members. But they are still not a national party. The Germans stop paying repairation so the French come in. Germany prints a ton of money so the mark loses its value. At this point Hitler decides it is time to take over the local Munich Government. |
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Term
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Definition
| Wall Street Crash- Germans are effected by the depression |
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Term
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Definition
| Elections for Parliament. Hitler wanted votes so he spoke about improving the economy. Now they had 107 seats. Hitler became a public figure |
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Term
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Definition
| New elections for Parliament and they now have 230 seats. They were the largest party and therefore had a prime minister over the coalition government |
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Term
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Definition
The Holocaust is said to have begun because it is the year the Nazi's came to power. The Germans has 550,000 jews and they got rid of half before they started killing them.
53,000 Jews left Germany and 16,000 of them came back. They didn't want to go to undeveloped places or where they would have to start over. |
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Term
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Definition
| The president of Germany invited Hitler to join his coaltion and become chancellor which is prime minister of Germany. Hitler accepts but he will eventually get rid of the democratic system and he will become a dicator |
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Term
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Definition
| Ralley of Jews in MSG "Don't buy German Goods" |
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Term
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Definition
| Germans boycott Jewish Goods, but not for long because they realize the Jews are helping the economy |
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Term
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Definition
| Law was passed detailing who can work for the Civil Service Gov. (only Aryians) Aryians are pure german blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| A law was passed against overcrowding of Aryain Schools. However much % a non Aryian sect made up thats how much of the percent they can be in school. So the JEws were 1% so they couldnt send their kids to school, they had to open their own Jewish schools. |
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Term
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Definition
| The president died, and instead of a new election he makes himself prime minister and president. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The Brittish made a policy to split up Palestine but the Arabs refused |
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Term
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Definition
| Hitler takes over Austria. He demanded parts of Checheslovakia like Sudetenland become part of Germany and if not it meant war. So France and England gave it to him hoping to avoid war. Then Hitler wanted Poland. And he made a promise with Stalin that if he didnt get involved he would he would get the other half of Poland so Russia stayed out of the war. |
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Term
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Definition
| Evian Conference. Rooselvelt and 30 nations met to see where they can put the Jews but no one took them. Australia said they are not taking because they do not want to generate anti-semetism. |
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Term
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Definition
Munich Pact (Appeasment Plan)
France and England let Hitler take over areas of Chezchoslovakia called Sudetendland so that maybe he would hopefully be satisfied |
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Term
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Definition
| Kristallnacht burning of shuls, homes, and stores |
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Term
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Definition
| Anti-semetic government in Poland passes a law that any Jew outside of Poland for more than 5 years loses citizenship. So now the ones that went to Germany for a job can't go back. The Germans were pissed that they did this so the pushed the Jews back. Then A Jew shot a German who he thought was the embassador and that brought about Kristallnacht |
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Term
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Definition
| in 1938 Hitler took Sudetenland then in 1939 He took over the rest and made Slovaia an independant country. He also gave parts of it to Hungary and now he has two allies |
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Term
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Definition
| 930 people got visas to go to cuba so they got on a german ship called the St. Louis and when they got there they were turned away. They sailed to Miami but Roosevelet said no. In the end Belgium, Holland, England, and France each took 240. |
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Term
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Definition
1939-1945
Germany, France, England, Poland
For the first time Jews are trapped |
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Term
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Definition
| Heydrich starts to make a distinction between the stages leading up to the final aim and the final aim. So first is concetration of the Jews. |
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Term
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Definition
Hitler invades Poland and WWII begins
Germans occupy Poland and have to deal will 3 million more Jews.
2/3 went to Germany
1/3 went to Russia |
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Term
| September 1939-April 1940 |
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Definition
The Phony War
Began after Brittians declare of war on Germany after the German invasion into Poland (1939). No one really did any military strikes so it was a joke. |
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Term
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Definition
| (2 months after occupying Poland)Jews 10 (used to be 16) must wear a white band with yellow star. Started in Poland |
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Term
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Definition
| Germany attacks Demark and Norway |
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Term
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Definition
| Germany attacks Holland, Belgium, and France. |
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Term
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Definition
| The French surrendered which came as a huge surprise. |
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Term
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Definition
| Germans bomb England. Blitz, from French bases. Everyone thought England was going down. England refused to give Germany freedom in Europe and Hitler was confused becaus he resepcted them |
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Term
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Definition
| Attack on Russia. Using Blitzkrieg tactic. They wiped the Jews out of Kiev, Ukraine and shot them in a ditch called Babi Yar |
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Term
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Definition
| Hitler stops Euthanaisa for the time being |
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Term
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Definition
| Attack on Pearl Harbor, America enters the war |
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Term
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Definition
| Germans as for 30,000 workers, and they get Jews and money in return for not sending them back . |
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Term
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Definition
| Wannsee Conference. Wannsee Blv in Berlin. Adolf Eichman, Heydrich. Hitler, Goring (second in command), Goebbels (speech about Jewish book burning), Himler (head of SS) were all not at the meeting. |
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Term
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Definition
| first deporation from Slovakia, some escaped and said they were going to get killed, not work. |
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Term
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Definition
| Czerniakov told his people the deportation was all a rumor |
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Term
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Definition
| Czerniakov committed suicide |
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Term
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Definition
| Rabbi Weissmandl got together another 25,000 and the deportations stop. The remaining 20,000 worked in labor camps. 58,000 already left. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Battle of Stalingrad. Germans lost many men, Russians los t more but they still one. People though Germany is starting to lose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Germans call Gans in for a conference and thats when Gans sends a message to underground to take action, but no one dared fight the Germans. People were sent to work in motor vehicle companies, fur factories, but they were all killed in the end. |
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Term
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Definition
| Germans requested Jews from Lodz (24,000 within 8 days) |
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Term
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Definition
| Russians stop their advance and 65,000 Jews are deported from Lodz |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Slovakia was a German ally but they were an independent country. Hitler told the Slovs in 1941 that the Jews are bad and they should be treated badly. The Slovs gladly took away the Jews rights. Then Germany needed workers, the slovs gave them Jews and 500 marks on condition that they would not be sent back. Then the Slovvs took over all the Jewish property. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hitler demanded Mousalini to have Italy deal with the Jews but the country didn't listen to Mousalini |
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Term
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Definition
| Survival of the fittest. The Germans believed they were the superior race. Arianism. Therefore they didn't think it made sense that they lost the war. So they looked for a scapegoat. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Germans were the cause of the war. This was not true. (Part of the Treaty of Versailles) |
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Term
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Definition
| Stab in the Back legend. In 1919 the Germans were doing well, but then they ran out of breath and blamed it on the fact that they did not have any more money for the war, which means they blamed it on the Jews for witholding money back from them. Which was not true, the Jews were even part of the German army. |
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Term
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Definition
| His grandfather was a soldier in the French army and he would tell stories about the war. Desboisis went to Rava Ruska, Ukraine for a conference. He saw the prisons where his grandfather was kept and he saw the grounds under which Jews were shot and burried. |
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Term
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Definition
| This was the name given to underground communist cells. Many of the leaders were Jews. In 1919 there was a period of Chaos in which people attempted communism in Germany |
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Term
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Definition
| Better known as Trutsky led a communist revolt in Russia |
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Term
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Definition
| Better known as Bella Kun. She was the communist leader in Hungary |
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Term
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Definition
| she was a leader of one of the Spartacists in Berlin. She failed and was shot |
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Term
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Definition
| He created a communist goverment in Munich which lasted for 6 months |
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Term
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Definition
| Born in Branua, Austria. Parents: Alois and Clara. His father worked for the customs department. Adolpf was argumentative, tempermental child who wanted to be a painter. He went to Vienna, then went to Munich because he was fed up that there were so many non-Germans in Vienna. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vienna, Austria. Hitler moved here after his father died to become the next Michealangelo. He was turned down twice. So he turned to selling postcards on the street. He was poor.He was called to joing the Austrain army but was turned down because he was to skinny and not healthy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adolf read a lot during his poor years and developed anti-semetic thoughts. He debated ideas with people and got annoyed when they disagreed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hitlers mother Clara, became sick with cancer and this Jewish Dr. treated her. |
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Term
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Definition
| During WWI Hitler enlisted in the army. He was went to fight in France. He delivered messages between two units while under fire. He was fighting the British and they used gas against each other and Hitler was hit, and temporarily lost his eye-sight. (charasmatic stare). While he was getting better Germany lost the war and he was pissed. |
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Term
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Definition
| He wanted to enlist in the army again but there was no army so they assigned him to spy on subversive groups that met in beer holes. Groups that were potentially planning a communist revolution. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was sitting in on German Workers Party with 50 members. Their goal was to establish a racial socialist Regime. He changed the name Nazi |
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Term
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Definition
| break down business in Germany and distribute it amongst Arians only |
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Term
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Definition
| National Socialist German Workers Party. He aquired a higher position because of all the new members he was bringing in. He made a symbol, the swastika. He came up with a salute. This group attracted a lot of attention when the German econmy wasn't doing well in the early 1920's. |
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Term
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Definition
This was written while Hitler was in prison. he was sentenced for 5 years but was pardoned for good behavior and let out after 9 months. His visistors cam and wrote down his ideas and it turned into this crazy book that no one wanted to publish. Eventually he found someone and printed 500 copies.
In it it sais in order to avoid another disaster (WWI) Germany must become a Pure Racist State.
Also the Germans needed more living space, Lbensraum. Which means war
The enemy behind Russian communism is the Jew and the Jews have to be removed. The Jew is a pest.
He also says that mental asylums should be liquidated, homos alcholics, and beggars can be cured or must be eliminated.
He wanted a UNIFORM STATE |
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Term
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Definition
| the term was originally used to distinguish European languages and the semetic languages. It eventually was used to describe race. Whites were superior, then amongst the whites the north over the south, and then the Germans became superior to everyon. |
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Term
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Definition
| After Hitler got out of jail the Nazi party was a mess, he brought it back together and they had 12 seats in parliment out of 500. The communists had 60. No one cared about them. Then the Great Depression came and there were more elections, the government wasnt helping much |
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Term
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Definition
| The parliament is on fire and Hitler says it is because of the communistst and now in a state of emergency they can pass whatever laws they want. Nazis started with throwing ne communists into concentration camps, as well as anyone that opposed them. |
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Term
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Definition
| managed the concentration camps |
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Term
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Definition
| This law that Hitler passed states that during a state of emergency, the government can pass laws with out going through parliament. |
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Term
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Definition
| They are the secret police that go look for rebels and throw them in the concentration camp |
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Term
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Definition
| Hitler upped the economy by building interstate highways, making affordable sturdy cars (volkswagon)german exports were increased. |
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Term
| Violation of the Treaty of Versailles |
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Definition
| Hitler started building up an army,. and went to take over Austria |
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Term
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Definition
| Germans wanted to push the Jews on other countries so that others would hate them even more |
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Term
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Definition
| He was out of a job but was in America when he found out so Princton just kept him and have him a lab and a job |
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Term
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Definition
| They worked on smuggling Jews into Palestine. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Citizenship Law-a citizen can only be an Aryian. So Jews are not citizens
2. The Law for the protection of German Blood and German Honor
Marriages between Jews and Germans were forbidden
Extra marital intercourse between Jews adn Germans was forbidden. They could not have a worker under the age of 45 |
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Term
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Definition
| If two of your grandparents were Jewish |
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Term
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Definition
| If one of your grandparents were Jewish, you had to be racially profiled. |
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Term
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Definition
| appealed to the Nazi's and came up with an idea to buy goods in Germany to the amount of their possesstions then ship it to Palestine and then get the money back minus the shipping. This was called Ha'avra. Palestine needed goods, Germans needed money |
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Term
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Definition
| Jews had a big J on it, originally they woman had to have the name sarah and men had to have the name Israel. |
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Term
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Definition
| 250,000 in Austria and 550,000 in Germany. 300,000 left Geramny so they still had 250,000. They have a total of 500,000 and they don't want them. Therefore it is time to kill |
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Term
| Zionist Movement in Germany |
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Definition
| they felt they didnt belong in Germany anymore, if there is a reason to get out, let us take it. so they made Aliyat Hanoar (and they sent the youth to Israel) |
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Term
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Definition
| They refused to believe what was going on. So they said if you can get out, then go but if not there is no reason to panic |
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Term
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Definition
| Some Jews felt they were fine and they just needed to tel Hitler they were loyal. They issued a statement saying that they were living there and unwilling to beleive what they hear about Germany. They didn't believe Hitler harbored feelings against them. They never got an answer untill kristallnacht |
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Term
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Definition
| they allowed 26,000 and only 4,392 came. This was common in most places that they only filled 25% of the quotas |
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Term
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Definition
Clean of Jews
The Germans didn't get why other countries were being so restrictive. |
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Term
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Definition
| Many Jews ran to Palestine until it reached 450,000. the Arabs complained to Brittian and they were going to split Israel but the Arabs disagreed and so the Brittish realized they have to pacify the arabs and only allowed 25,000 and for 5 years 10,000 so a total of 75,000 Jews. After 1944-no more Jews. |
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Term
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Definition
| As a gesture England allowed 10,000 children on a train to be disrtibuted amongst Jewish homes in England |
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Term
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Definition
| was a free city so 25,000 Jews went there, anyone could get in. |
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Term
| Small vs. Big Communities |
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Definition
| Small (less than 500)communities were moved to larger communities. There was acess to trains in big cities. Jews even more concetrated into ghettos, the worst part of the city. Fenced off, move out, jailed in, starvation. Judenrat's |
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Term
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Definition
| He was second in command of SS. Job to deal with threats, managed concentration camps |
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Term
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Definition
Jewish Council
composed of 2nd and 3rd rate men
maximum 24 men
responsible to take census of age, sex, and occupation
Had to select people for jobs when Germans asked for them |
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Term
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Definition
Adam Czerniakov
Jewish community must pay 100,000 or 1000 Jews will die, 58,000 Jews had to be moved to 500 apartments
July 20th-informed people not to worry
2 days later 6,000 Jews were deported
July 23 1942-knew where Jews were going so he killed himself |
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Term
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Definition
Chaim Rumkowski
Garment Center, had Jews set up workshops "war related work"
people were being sent to Chelmno (250,000) killed.
September 1943-the Germans asked for 24,000 people only 13,000 old and sick, moved it down to 20,000, and if not 40,000 so he gave up the children.
July 1944-65,000 Jews are deported
He was strangled by ghetto residents |
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Term
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Definition
| Germans wanted the Jews to work. some to clean up the messes they made from bombs and some to prepare for their secret war against Russia |
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Term
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Definition
| Germans called the areas where they had military occupation in Poland this. They wanted to remove Poland from exsistance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lodz was the first Ghetto by the end of 1939. the Jews just tried to lay low, were they were against any rebels. Children snuck to get food, people went to work, some died. They tried to have schools, and shuls. |
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Term
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Definition
| They were still considered Jews but the Germans allowed them to have their own street with their own church |
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Term
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Definition
| At this point, year 1941. The Germans have so many more Jews to deal with so they come up with this plan that is not made public yet. They used the term resettling the Jews. |
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Term
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Definition
| Germans decide Jew-Killing should start after they take over Germany. But it has to be kept a secret because Germans may not be ready to support and Rest of the world wont understand. So these people (SS) followed the military while they invaded Russia and shot Jews into pits. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Germans decided what they were doing in Russia wasn't sufficient enough and Hitler knew French, Belgens, and Dutch already had some hatrid towards him so they used this as a way to kill mentally impaired people and emotionally unstable people. Dr's had to sign a paper if the patient can get better or not and if not they were killed. People started noticing something weird so Germand stopped it for a while |
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Term
| Why is gasing Jews more sufficient? |
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Definition
1. soldiers can be used for the army
2. negsative effect on SS and used psychologists
3. News was spreading
4. Rifles and bullets
So they set up labor camps and ultimately they would be brough to death camps in poland |
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Term
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Definition
| This was used to gas the Jews. All they needed was 2 pellets and some air. This was after they used exaugst pipes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Jewish prisoners told the Jews to get undressed and sent them into the gas chambers, then after they died, they had other Jews take out all the valuable stuff and cut the hair. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was an SS. He dealt with all the transportation. He made sure trains were filled to capacity and ran ontime. Trains transported Jews to the death camps in Poland. |
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Term
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Definition
| Germans allowed French to have a government over 1/3 of France. They had to listen to the Germans. They argued that the Jewish property belonged to them. The Germans finally let them have it. So when a French Jew came back home, he had nothing |
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Term
| Wanssee Conference (Hydrich) |
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Definition
He says he has been appointed to adress the final solution, he drafted a listing of necessary measures, wheneer killing was referred to it was changed to resettling or solution.
He goes over what they did so far:
Aryianism (forced Jews out of economy)
Forced Jews out of Germany
Now they must:
resort to evacuation to the east=killing the Jews in the East.
They have a list of 11 million Jews to deal with, Estonia is free of Jews
Lithuania, Belgium, France, Denmark, and England (even thought they dont have them)They have a list of all the Jews in each place, they will be assigned to labor camps and ultimately killed "combed" |
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Term
| Wanssee Conference (who is a Jew) |
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Definition
Nuremberg Laws.
1st degree mischling are Jews unless they are made an exception but then they must be steralized, children from him and aryian are Second Degree Mischling and not killed.
Second Degree Mischling is a Jew if he looks, or acts like one, or if he has a bad police record.
100% aryan but converted is a jew
Marriages must be examined, spouse sent somewhere special (dont kill him) |
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Term
| Wannsee Conference (Dr. Buhler) |
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Definition
| He suggested they start the killing in Poland |
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Term
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Definition
Nuremberg Bavaria (Germany)
They found evidence of the Wannsee document. Goring was put in prison with a death sentence. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Transit Camps
2. Labor Camps
3. Concentration Camps
4. Extermination Camps
5. Model Camps |
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Term
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Definition
France-Drancy
Belgium-Malines/Mechelin
Holland-Westerbrok
Temporarily held Jews until they can be taken to final destination, they didnt know what was in store |
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Term
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Definition
| hard labor, kills JEws or they get sent back to ghetto, it is on the outside so people can escape if brave enough |
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Term
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Definition
Dachau-Germany
Buchenwald-Germany
Expectation is that Jews will not leave alive. worked under harsh hasrsh conditions |
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Term
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Definition
Treblinka
Sobiobor
Chelmno
Belzec
Majdanek
Auschwitz
Jews are sent here to be killed, no one survives |
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Term
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Definition
Theresinstadt
only one to fool people, nice conditions, mainly passed through this camp on the way to Auchwitz. and suitcases that they were told to pack were taken away. and they were killed. |
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Term
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Definition
| there are 90,000 Jews left in Bratislava (capital) it is very close to Auchwitz |
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Term
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Definition
Slovakian President
catholic, anti-semite, Fascist but not a killer
sends young girls, and men
Jews appealed to him but he said no just kept families together. |
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Term
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Definition
| Slovak guards that put Jews on trains. |
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Term
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Definition
| SS Jewish Expert. Set up Judenrat and was open to bribery |
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Term
| Rabbi Weissmandl/Europe Plan |
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Definition
| Judenrat, set up a secret working group. and hear that Wisliceny is open to bribery. He asked for 50,000 25 straight up and the other 25 within 7 weeks to postone deportation. Then he thinks Germany is up for bribery so he writes a fake letter from Ferdinand Roth who was part of the fake secret Jewish agency that he will negotiate with the Germans. Wisliceny and Himler as for 200,000 up front and it will stop. So He writes to jewish Council in America and they say no way |
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Term
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Definition
| Don't Give up, Join organizations, fight from the forest, die as long as u take Germans with you. |
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Term
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Definition
| Don't lose hope, even thought they were going to die, there was a resistance in treblinka and sobibor and even in Auchwitz |
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Term
| Secret Jewish Organization |
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Definition
| The Working Group who tried to bribe the government with Weissmandl. The 20,000 that were left asked to work and get payed food and sleep in return but it lasted 2 years. |
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Term
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Definition
| largest concentration camp, trains came from allll over |
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Term
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Definition
| When traveling within poland, stuffed JEws on these |
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Term
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Definition
Henrick GoldSchmidt
Educator and died with children in Treblinka |
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Term
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Definition
| recieved letters of congratualions to go to transit camps , they gave up their things thinking they would get it back but Dutch took everything. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dutch Theater, dropped kids off in Kersh with the Pimentel, Sent to poland and killed |
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Term
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Definition
| job was to drop pestiside in Belzec, still used engine exhaust pipes but changed to zyklon B. fro 2 hours and 49 min 3,000 Jews were standing waiting to die. took 32 minutes for them to die. He hung himself in prison |
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Term
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Definition
| Next to Lodz Ghetto, people were being taken and killed there, gased. |
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Term
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Definition
Lithuania
June and July 1941
part of SU. Most Jews were killed by Lithuanians, beat on them, but it wasnt organized so Germans set up camp. |
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Term
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Definition
| big forest next to Vilna, buried 150,000 Jews there, Machine gunned them down. The rest (40,000-30,000) were put in Vilna ghetto. |
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Term
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Definition
| Head of Judenrat. Fought in army, married to gentile. Sent a message to underground resistance movement to plan but keep him out of it. He sent young ones to the forest to build up and get ready to attack. Germans asked for 1700 jews from 4000 and he had them reduce it to 400. |
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