Term
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Definition
| Two or more kinds of tissues grouped together performing specialed functions. |
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Term
| What is the Integumentary System? |
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Definition
| The skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands. |
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Term
| Name the functions of the Integumentary System: |
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Definition
Maintains homeostatis
Protective covering
Retards water loss
Regulates body temperature
Houses sensory receptors
Contains immune system cells
Synthesizes chemicals
Excretes small amounts of wastes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The middle/inner layer of skin - under the epidermis |
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Term
| What type of tissue is in the Epidermis? |
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Definition
| Stratified squamous epithelium |
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Term
| What type of tissue is in the Dermis? |
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Definition
Collagenous and Elastic Fibers
Called Dense Irregular Connective Tissue |
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Term
| Where is the Subcutaneous Layer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of tissue is in the Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)? |
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Definition
| Areolar and Adipose Connective Tissue |
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Term
| The Epidermis lacks _____ ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Five layers of the Epidermis: |
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Definition
1. Stratum Corneum
2. Stratum Lucidum (palsm/soles only)
3. Stratum Granulosum
4. Stratum Spinosum
5. Stratum Basale |
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Term
| Where is the Stratum Corneum located? |
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Definition
| The outmost layer of the epidermis |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of stratus corneum? |
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Definition
| Many layers of keratinized, dead epithelial cells that are flattened and non-nucleated |
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Term
| Where is the Strtum Lucidum located? |
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Definition
| Only on soles and palms, between the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum |
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Term
| Where is the Granulosum located? |
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Definition
| Beneath the stratum corneum |
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Term
| Where is the Stratum Spinosum located? |
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Definition
| Beneath the stratum granulosum |
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Term
| Where is the Stratum Basale located? |
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Definition
| Deepest layer of Epidermis, beneath the stratum granulosum |
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Term
| Where are Melanocytes located? |
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Definition
| In the stratum basale layer of the epidermis. |
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Term
| What do mealnocytes poduce? |
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Definition
| Melanin - gives skin pigment color and absorbs UV light. |
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Term
| What is the funtion of Melanin? |
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Definition
Absorbs UV Light
Gives skin color |
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Term
| Where are Epidermis new cells produced? |
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Definition
| In the deepest layer of the epidermis called the stratus basale (mitotic layer) |
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Term
| What determines skin color? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the genetic factors in skin color? |
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Definition
- Varying amounts of melanin
- Varing size of melanin granules
(Albinos lack melanin) |
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Term
| What are the physiological factors in skin color? |
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Definition
- Dilation of dermal blood vessels
- Constriction of dermal blood vessels
- Accumulation of carotene
- Jaundice |
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Term
| What are the environmental factors in skin color? |
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Definition
- Sunlight
- UV light from sunlamps
- X-rays |
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Term
| What is the average thickness of the Dermis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the boundary between the empidermis and the dermis uneven? |
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Definition
| Dermal papillae extend from the dermis into the spaces between the rediges. |
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Term
| What is the role of the Dermal Papillae? |
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Definition
| They increase the surface area where epidermal cells receive ogxygen and nutrients from dermal capillaries. |
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Term
| Where is Dermal Papillae most abundant? |
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Definition
| They are all over the body but most abundant in the hands and feet. |
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Term
| What does the Dermis contain? |
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Definition
- Dermal papillae
- Muscle cells
- Specialized sensory receptors
- Hair Follicles
- Glands (sebaceous/sweat)
- Nerve cell processes |
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Term
| What are the two layers of the Dermis? |
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Definition
- Papillary Layer
- Reticular Layer |
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Term
| Where is the Papillary Layer of the Dermis? |
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Definition
| The top (superficial) layer. It is Areolar and thin. Dermal Papillae are in this layer. |
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Term
| Where is the Reticular Layer of the Dermis |
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Definition
| The large bottom layer (most of Dermis) and is the dense irregular connective tissue |
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Term
| What are the accessory structures from the Epidermis? |
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Definition
Nails
Hair Follicles
Skin Glands |
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Term
| Name the 3 parts of the Nail: |
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Definition
- Nail plate
- Nail bed
- Lunula |
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Term
| Name the three parts of Hair Follicles: |
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Definition
- Hair Root
- Hair Bulb
- Hair Shaft |
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Term
| A Hair Follicle extends into the ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Dermis binds the Epidermis to _________ _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does each hair develop? |
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Definition
| At the base of a tubelike depression, called a hair follicle, from a group of epidermal cells. |
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Term
| What determines hair color? |
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Definition
| Type and amount of melanin |
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Term
| What are the bundle of smooth muscle cells that attach to a hair follicle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What glands attach to a Hair Follicle? |
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Definition
| Sebaceous glands and Aprocrine Sweat Glands |
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Term
| What are sebaceous glands usually associated with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of gland is the Sebaceous gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a Holocrine Gland? |
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Definition
| Secretes entire disintegrated cells with secretory products |
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Term
| What does the Sebaceous Gland secrete? |
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Definition
| Sebum (fatty material and cellular debris) |
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Term
| Where are Sebaceous glands absent? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another name for Sweat Glands? |
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Definition
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Term
| What layer of skin do Sweat Glands originate? |
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Definition
| Deep in the Dermis or Hypodermis |
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Term
| Name two types of Sweat Glands |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the most numerous type of sweat gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does an Eccrine Gland secrete its fluid? |
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Definition
| Through a duct that opens to a pore on the surface of the skin. |
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Term
| How does an Aprocrine Gland secrete its fluid? |
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Definition
| Into ducts that open into hair follicles. |
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Term
| When do Aprocrine Glands start to develop? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are Aprocrine Glands most numerous? |
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Definition
| Axillary regions and the groin. |
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Term
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Definition
Sebaceous Glands
Sweat Glands
- Eccrine glands
- Apocrine glands
Ceruminous Glands
Mammory Glands |
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Term
| What do Ceruminous Glands secrete? |
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Definition
| Earwax in the external acoustic meatus |
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Term
| What do Mammory Glands secrete? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is regulation of body temperature important? |
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Definition
| Even slight shifts can disrupt rates of metabolic reactions. |
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Term
| What does Cellular Metabolism produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| Heat is a product of _____ _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The more active body cells that produce heat are: |
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Definition
- Skeletal muscle
- Cardiac muscle
- Cells of certain glands (ie liver) |
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Term
| What is the primary means of heat loss? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 4 forms of heat loss: |
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Definition
- Radiation
- Conduction
- Convection
- Evaporation |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormally high body temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormally low body temperature |
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Term
| How do we lose heat by Radiation? |
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Definition
| Infrared heat rays escape from warmer surfaces to cooler surroundings. |
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Term
| What is Conduction Heat Loss? |
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Definition
| Heat moves from the body directly into the molecules of cooler objects in contact with it's surface (i.e. sitting on a chair that is cooler than your body temperature) |
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Term
| What is Convection Heat Loss? |
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Definition
| Continuous circulation of air over a warm surface |
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Term
| What is Evaporation Heat Loss? |
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Definition
| When body temp rises, the eccrine glands rlease sweat and as it evaporates off the skin it carries heat away. |
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Term
| What is a normal response to injury or stress? |
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Definition
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Term
| When a tissue is damaged what happens to the blood vessels? |
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Definition
| The blood vessels in the affected tissue dilate and become more permeable, allowing fluids to lead into the damaged tissue |
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Term
| Inflamed skin may become: |
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Definition
- Reddened
- Swollen
- Warm
- Painful |
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Term
| A shallow cut results in epidermal cells along its margin to: |
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Definition
| Divide more rapidly (epidermis has no blood vessels) |
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Term
| A deep cut results in blood vessels breaking which cause a _____ to form. |
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Definition
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Term
| Clot and dried tissue fluid form a ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| What cells remove dead cells and debris? |
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Definition
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Term
| What stimulates new tissue formation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are Growth Factors (pertaining to cuts)? |
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Definition
| Stimulate certain cells to divide |
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Term
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Definition
| Excess collagenous fibers |
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