Term
| During the first meiotic division ___ __ pairs separate. |
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Definition
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Term
| __occurs during prophase I |
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Definition
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Term
| The epithelium of the seminiferous tubules consists of__ cells and ___ cells |
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Definition
| spermatogenic cells and sustentacular cells |
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Term
| The number of sperm cells that form from a primary spermatocyte is ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| The head of a sperm is mostly __ |
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Definition
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Term
| The __ gland is an unpaired structure |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ glands secrete a mucus-like fluid |
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Definition
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Term
| Semen consists of sperm and secretions, is alkaline, includes __ and ____ and travels in the urethra |
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Definition
| prostaglandins and nutrients |
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Term
| Causes of erectile dysfunction include underlying disease, such as __ ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| The epididymis, coiled on the outer surface of the testis, becomes the ___ ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The average length of the epididymis is __ meters |
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Definition
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Term
| Sperm cells are stored primarily in the ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Male reproductive functions are controlled mainly by hormones from the __, and anterior __ gland and testes |
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Definition
| hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland, and |
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Term
| The interstitial cells of the testes produce __ |
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Definition
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Term
| The level of testosterone in the blood is __ by LH causing the interstitial cells to ___ testosterone |
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Definition
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Term
| The tubular part of the uterus that extends downward into the upper vagina is the __ |
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Definition
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Term
| The egg, or ovum, is more correctly called a secondary __ |
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Definition
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Term
| Fertilization normally occurs in the __ ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| The inner mucosal layer of the uterine wall is the __ |
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Definition
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Term
| The first step in oogenesis is a oocyte ___ to form a __ oocyte and a first __ body |
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Definition
| primary oocyte divides to form a secondary and a first polar body |
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Term
| The female structure that corresponds to the male penis is the __ |
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Definition
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Term
| In females, the urethra is immediately ____ to the vagina |
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Definition
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Term
| __ is due to aging of the ovaries |
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Definition
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Term
| The hormone mainly responsible for the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics is |
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Definition
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Term
| About the time of ovulation, the anterior __ gland releases a surge of __ |
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Definition
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Term
| Signs of menopause include shrinking of the ___,___, AND___ |
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Definition
| vagina, uterus, and breasts |
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Term
| A woman going through menopause can take __ ___therapy to minimize the symptoms |
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Definition
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Term
| The glands in a lobe of a breast drain into __ ducts, which drain into a __ duct that leads to the nipple |
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Definition
| alveolar ducts, which drain into a lactiferous duct |
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Term
| The Rhythm method, Chemical barriers, Oral contraceptives and Intrauterine devices are all forms of ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| The __ gland is the size and shape of a walnut or chestnut |
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Definition
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Term
| In ___ , tissue resembling the inner uterine lining grows in the __ cavity. |
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Definition
| endometriosis tissue resembling the inner uterine lining grows in the abdominal cavity |
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Term
| A __ ___is used to detect abnormal cells in the __ |
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Definition
| Pap smear is used to detect abnormal cells in the cervix |
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Term
| Oral contraceptives may cause increased skin _,_ tenderness,fluid __, and __ |
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Definition
| pigmentation, breast tenderness, fluid retention and nausea. |
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Term
| Human prenatal development takes __ weeks |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscle contractions of the __ walls and __ in the semen aid sperm cell movement through the uterus and uterine tubes |
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Definition
| uterine walls and prostaglandins |
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Term
| An enzyme that sperm secretes that is important for penetration is - |
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Definition
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Term
| The nuclei from the approaching sperm and egg are called __ |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___is loosely organized connective tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| __ is regulated by positive feedback control |
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Definition
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Term
| The fetus is protected from certain infections by __ from the mother's immune system |
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Definition
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Term
| The hormone measured in a pregnancy test is__ . |
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Definition
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Term
| The cells of a __ that give rise to the body of the developing offspring constitute the __ cell mass |
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Definition
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Term
| The __ membrane is composed of a double layer of epithelial cells |
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Definition
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Term
| The __ __is a fetal vessel that transports blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava |
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Definition
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Term
| The __ __is an opening that allows fetal blood to pass from the__atrium to the ___ atrium |
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Definition
| foramen ovale ...right atrium to the left atrium |
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Term
| The fetal blood that passes through the ductus venosus is relatively high in __ and __. |
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Definition
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Term
| As a result of the foramen ovale, blood is allowed to __ the lungs |
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Definition
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Term
| The ductus ___ allows fetal blood to move from the ___ trunk into the aorta |
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Definition
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Term
| The __ is composed of tissues from the mother and embryo |
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Definition
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Term
| The fetal stage of development begins __ weeks after fertilization, is when the organ systems are mostly formed, although immature, the head is disproportionately large compared to the rest of the body at the beginning of the stage and it comes after the ___ period |
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Definition
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Term
| A major difference between fetal blood flow and adult blood flow is that in the fetus the inferior vena cava contains blood___in ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerves are not derived from the same primary germ layer as blood __, __, __ and bone marrow |
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Definition
| vessels, muscles, bones and bone marrow |
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Term
| The external genitalia of the fetus can be distinguished as male or female by about __ weeks after fertilization |
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Definition
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Term
| Dizygotic twins result from __ egg cells and ___ sperm cells |
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Definition
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Term
| __are substances that cause congenital malformations. |
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Definition
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Term
| A ___ is a cell produced by cleavage and a __ is a hallow ball of cells |
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Definition
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Term
| The implantation of the blastocyst results from enzymes ___ the endometrium around the blastocyst |
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Definition
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Term
| hCG helps protect the blastocyst against being __ |
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Definition
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Term
| The major body part(s) derived from ectoderm are __ system and __ |
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Definition
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Term
| The major body parts derived from endoderm are the epithelial lining of the __ tract, __ tract, __ bladder and __ |
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Definition
| digestive tract, respiratory tract, urinary bladder and urethra |
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Term
| The term newborn refers to the period from birth through the first__ weeks, whereas the term infant refers to the period from the first month to __ year. |
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Definition
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Term
| __ concentration of ___ dioxide, __ pH, ___ oxygen concentration and Drop in body temperature all stimulates a newborn's first breath |
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Definition
| Increasing concentration of carbon..Decreasing pH, Low oxygen concentration and Drop in body temperature all stimulates a newborn's first breath |
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Term
| __ provides the main source of energy for a newborn during its first few days |
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Definition
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Term
| As a rule, during ___ skeletal muscles tend to lose strength, the circulatory system becomes less efficient, the skin becomes less elastic and weight usually increases |
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Definition
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Term
| __ is a breakdown of structures and slowing of functions |
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Definition
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Term
| __ occurs from the embryo onward. |
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Definition
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Term
| The three leading causes of death in the United States are __ disease, __, &__. |
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Definition
| heart disease,cancer, &stroke. |
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Term
| The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome include reduced __ size, impaired __, abnormal __ features and slow growth |
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Definition
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Term
| __are people who live past 100 years |
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Definition
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Term
| The human genome consists of ___, most of which does not encode protein |
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Definition
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Term
| A __ is a DNA sequence that contains the information for producing one type of protein |
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Definition
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Term
| __is the study of inheritance of characteristics |
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Definition
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Term
| The origin of the__ chromosomes in a human zygote is ___from the sperm and __from the egg |
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Definition
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Term
| The processes that pass genetic information from generation to generation are ___ and |
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Definition
| meiosis and fertilization |
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Term
| The two types of information needed to predict the ___ pattern of a trait are the way genes are distributed in meiosis and the way that they come together when sperm joins egg. |
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Definition
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Term
| The two types of chromosomes are __ chromosomes and __ |
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Definition
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Term
| A __ is a size-ordered chart of chromosomes |
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Definition
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Term
| A __ typically has many alleles because there are many ways that the DNA sequence can vary |
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Definition
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Term
| A person can have at most __ different alleles of a gene because one allele of a gene is carried on each of two homologous chromosomes |
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Definition
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Term
| Identical alleles are said to be __ |
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Definition
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Term
| Different alleles of the same gene are said to be ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| An allele that masks the effect of another is __ |
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Definition
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Term
| The genotypes and phenotypes that result from a cross of __ and __ (A = normal pigmentation and a = albinism) are phenotypes-all normal; genotypes-50% homozygous dominant and 50% heterozygous |
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Definition
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Term
| The phenotypes and genotypes that result from a cross of __ and __ (A = normal pigmentation and a = albinism) are phenotypes-50% normal and 50% albino; genotypes-50% heterozygous and 50% homozygous recessive |
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Definition
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Term
| The genotypes and phenotypes that result from the cross of Aa and Aa (A = normal pigmentation and a = albinism) are phenotypes-3 normal: 1 albino; genotypes- __homozygous dominant: 2 heterozygous: 1 homozygous recessive |
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Definition
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Term
| An allele that is not expressed in the heterozygous condition is __ |
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Definition
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Term
| In a __ dominant-recessive inheritance pattern, 50% of the offspring would exhibit the dominant trait if one parent is __ and the other is__ recessive |
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Definition
| simple...heterozygous...homozygous |
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Term
| In __ dominance, the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between that of either homozygote |
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Definition
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Term
| A nearly purely polygenic trait is __ __ |
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Definition
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Term
| A __ trait is caused by one or more genes and the environment |
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Definition
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Term
| A __ curve is characteristic of the distribution of phenotypes of a multifactorial trait because the phenotypes at the ends of the curve correspond to fewer genotypes than the phenotypes at the middle of the distribution |
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Definition
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Term
| Possible offspring of a colorblind man and a normal (not colorblind) woman who is homozygous dominant for the trait are all __ color vision |
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Definition
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Term
| __ is a defect in the clotting mechanism |
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Definition
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Term
| An example of a sex-influenced trait is __ |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ syndrome is caused by nondisjunction or a translocation |
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Definition
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Term
| A procedure used to obtain enough fetal tissue sampled through the cervix to test for genetic disorders without culturing cells is __ __ sampling. |
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Definition
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Term
| During __ fetal fibroblasts in amniotic fluid are cultured and a karyotype constructed. |
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Definition
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Term
| An __can be performed anytime during pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
| __ expression profiling detects the mRNAs present in a particular cell type under particular conditions. |
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Definition
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Term
| The advantage of using a DNA microarray that represents the entire human genome instead of profiling only certain genes is that it may__ proteins that were not __ to be involved in a particular cell type or physiological state. |
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Definition
| implicate ...hypothesized |
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Term
| T/F Gametes pass genetic information from generation to generation |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F The expression of an inherited trait is the genotype and the DNA sequence is the phenotype. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F A recessive allele masks the effect of a dominant allele |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F The umbilical cord contains two umbilical veins |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F The fetal stage of development begins at the end of the eighth week |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F The ductus arteriosus allows fetal blood to bypass the lungs |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F In a fetus, the umbilical arteries arise from the renal arteries |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F The neonatal period of development extends from birth to the end of one year |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F An autosomal dominant condition in a family will disappear if in any generation no one inherits the disease |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F An autosomal condition affects only males. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F In incomplete dominance, the phenotype of a heterozygote is in between that of either homozygote. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Beard growth is a sex-influenced trait |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Chorionic villus sampling can be performed earlier in pregnancy than amniocentesis |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F The testes originate from tissues posterior to the parietal pleura. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F The ductus deferentia are muscular tubes about 25 centimeters long |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F As many as twenty primary ovarian follicles may reach full development at any one time. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Development is a continuous process and includes growth. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Progesterone in semen stimulates the movement of sperm cells |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Proteolytic enzymes from the embryo aid implantation of an embryo. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F The primary function of surfactant is to increase surface tension in the newborn's lungs |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F After birth, the ductus arteriosus constricts and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Some factors that help to stimulate the newborn's first breath are increasing CO2, decreasing pH, decreasing O2, decreasing body temperature, and mechanical stimulation. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F The adolescent period begins at the end of the first year and completes at puberty. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F The field of genetics deals only with disease |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F . Genetic information passes from protein to RNA to DNA |
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Definition
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