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Holes Human A & P Chapter 1
Body Organization and Teminology
96
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/21/2010

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Term

Anatomy

(morphology)

Definition
the study of the structure/form of the human body
Term
Physiology
Definition
the study of the function of the human body
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
the maintenance of a constant (stable) of the internal environment
Term
Homeostatic Mechanism
Definition
the physiological control system that thru negative feedback maintains a dynamic balance (optimum condition for chemical reacions)
Term
Characteristics of life
Definition

Movement

Responsiveness

Growth

Reproduction

Respiration

Term

Characteristic of life term definition:

 

Movement

Definition
change in position of the body or body part; motion of an internal organ
Term

Characteristic of life definition:

 

Responsiveness

Definition
reaction to a change taking place inside or outside the body
Term

Characteristic of life definition

 

Growth

Definition
increase in body size without change of shape
Term

Characteristic of life definition:

 

Reproduction

Definition
production of new organisms and new cells
Term

Characteristics of life definition:

 

Respiration

Definition
obtaining oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, and releasing energy from foods
Term
5 Requirements Of Life
Definition

Water

Food

Oxygen

Heat

Pressure

Term

Requirement Of Life Definition

 

Water

Definition

a chemical substance

 

for metabolic processes, transports substances and regulates body temperature

Term

Requirements of life definition:

 

Food

Definition

various chemical substances

 

supply energy and raw materials for the production of necessary substances and for the regulation of vital reactions

Term

Requirements of life definition:

 

Oxygen

Definition

a chemical substance

 

to help release energy from food substances

Term

Requirements of life definition:

 

Heat

Definition

a form of energy

 

to help regulate the rates of metabolic reactions

Term

Requirements of life definition:

 

Pressure

Definition

a force

 

atmospheric pressure for breathing; hydrostatic pressure to help circulate blood

Term

Levels Of Organization

 

Hierarchy of Organization

Definition

Subatomic Particles - electrons, protons and neutrons

Atom - Hydrogen atom, Lithium atom etc......

Molecule - Water molecule, glucose molecule etc......

Macromolecule - Protein molecule, DNA molecule etc....

Organelle - Mitochondrion, Nucleus etc...

Cell - Muscle cell, Nerve cell etc.....

Tissue - Simple squamous epithelium etc....

Organ - Skin, femur, heart, kidney etc....

Organ System - Skeletal system, digestive system etc...

Organism - Human

Term
Appendicular Portion
Definition

upper and lower limbs

(contain no vital organs)

Term
Axial Portion
Definition

head, neck and trunk

(contain vital organs, critically important)

Term
Dorsal Cavity
Definition

houses the central nervous system (CNS)

 

Cranial Cavity

Vertebral Cavity

Term
Cranial Cavity
Definition

houses the brain

 

formed of 8 bones

(frontal, parietals, occipital, temporals, sphenoid, thmoid)

Term
Vertebral Cavity
Definition

houses the spinal cord

 

formed by vertebrates

Term
Ventral Cavity
Definition

houses the viscera (internal organs)

 

subdivided by the diaphram

thoracic cavity and abdominolpelvic cavity

Term
Thoracic Cavity
Definition

houses the lungs, heart and associated structure

 

R/L pleural cavaties

Mediastinum

Pericardial cavity

Term
R/L Pleural Cavities
Definition
houses the R/L lungs
Term
Mediastinum
Definition

center of the thoracic cavity

houses major vessels, lymph nodes, trachea and esophagus (tubular structures)

Term
Pericardial Cavity
Definition
houses the heart
Term
Mucous
Definition
a layer of mucous producing epithelium over loose cavaties and tubes opening to the outside
Term
Serous
Definition
simple squamous epithelium over loose cavaties
Term
Serous Fluid
Definition

watery, lubricating fluid

 

provides lubrication and reduces friction

Term
Parietal Membrane
Definition
Line the walls of an internal cavity
Term
Visceral Membranes
Definition
covers the surface of an internal organ
Term

Anatomical Position

(Human)

Definition
Standing erect, feet flat, face forward, arms at sides with palms up
Term
Superior
Definition
above
Term
Inferior
Definition
below
Term

Anterior

(ventral)

Definition
towards the front
Term

Posterior

(dorsal)

Definition
toward the rear
Term
Proximal
Definition
closer to the core
Term
Distal
Definition
further from the core
Term
Superficial
Definition
closer to the surface
Term
Medial
Definition
closer to the midline
Term
Lateral
Definition
further from the midline
Term
Ipsilateral
Definition
on the same side of midline
Term
Contralateral
Definition
on the opposite side of midline
Term
Sagittal
Definition
length-wise cut, devides the body into R/L portions
Term
Midsagittal
Definition
lenth-wise cut dividing the body into equal R/L portions
Term
Transverse
Definition
divides body into superior/inferior portions
Term
Coronal
Definition
divides body into anterior/posterior portions
Term
Longitudinal
Definition
length-wise cust along the axis of a tubular structure
Term
Oblique
Definition
tubular cut at any angle other than longitudinal
Term
Abdominal Cavity Regions
Definition
[image]
Term
Abdominal
Definition
the region between the thorax and pelvis
Term
Acromial
Definition
point of the shoulder
Term
Antebrachial
Definition
forearm
Term
Antecubital
Definition
space in front of elbow
Term
Axillary
Definition
armpit
Term
Brachial
Definition
arm
Term
Buccal
Definition
cheek
Term
Carpal
Definition
wrist
Term
Celiac
Definition
abdomen
Term
Cephalic
Definition
head
Term
Cervical
Definition
neck
Term
Costal
Definition
ribs
Term
coxal
Definition
hip
Term
Crural
Definition
leg
Term
Cubital
Definition
elbow
Term
Digital
Definition
finger or toe
Term
Dorsum
Definition
back
Term
Femoral
Definition
thigh
Term
Frontal
Definition
forehead
Term
Genital
Definition
reproductive organs
Term
Gluteal
Definition
buttocks
Term
Inguinal
Definition
depressed area of the abdominal wall near the thigh
Term
Lumbar
Definition
region of the lower back between the ribs and the pelvis
Term
Mammary
Definition
breast
Term
Mental
Definition
chin
Term
Nasal
Definition
nose
Term
Occipital
Definition
lower posterior region of the head
Term
Oral
Definition
mouth
Term
Orbital
Definition
eye cavity
Term
Otic
Definition
ear
Term
Palmar
Definition
palm of hand
Term
Patellar
Definition
front of knee
Term
Pectoral
Definition
chest
Term
Pedal
Definition
foot
Term
Pelvic
Definition
pelvis
Term
Perineal
Definition
region between the anus and the external reproductive organs (the taint)
Term
Plantar
Definition
sole of the foot
Term
Popliteal
Definition
area behind the knee
Term
Sacral
Definition
posterior region between the hipbones
Term
Sternal
Definition
middle of the thorax, anteriorly
Term
Sural
Definition
calf of the leg
Term
Tarsal
Definition
instep of the foot
Term
Umbilical
Definition
navel
Term
Vertebral
Definition
spinal column
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