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Hole's Anatomy: Chp 3 - Cell Cycle
A description of the stages of the cell cycle in A&PI
19
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/17/2009

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Term
cell cycle
Definition
series of changes that a cell undergoes from the time is forms until it divides
Term
interphase
Definition
period of cell growth, maintains routine functions and contributes to internal environment
Term
interphase
Definition
composed of G1, S Phase, and G2
Term
S phase
Definition
synthesis, when DNA is replicated & cell prepares for division
Term
G1
Definition
gap/growth, when cell growth occurs
Term
G2
Definition
gap/growth, when cell replicates organelles in preparation for cell division
Term
mitosis
Definition
form of cell division that occurs in somatic (non sex) cells and produces two daughter cells from an original cell
Term
mitosis
Definition
results in 2 genetically identical cells with 46 chromosomes each
Term
meiosis
Definition
2nd form of cell division that occurs only in the cells that give rise to sex cells (sperm and eggs).
Term
karyokinesis
Definition
"nucleus movement" nuclear contents divide (during mitosis)
Term
cytokinesis
Definition
"cell movement" cytoplasm divides (between 2 daughter cells)
Term
mitosis
Definition
sequence of events: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Term
prophase
Definition
chromosomes condense from chromatin and centrioles move to the poles, nuclear envelope and nucleolus disperse and are no longer visible, microtubules assemble in cytoplasm, spindle forms between centrioles
Term
metaphase
Definition
spindle fibers attach to centromeres so that a fiber accompanying one chromatid attaches to one centromere and other chromatid attaches to other centromere, chromosomes align in center of cell
Term
anaphase
Definition
centromeres separate - identical chromatids now considered individual chromosomes, spindle fibers contract and chromosomes move to opposite poles
Term
telophase
Definition
chromosomes complete their migration toward centrioles, chromosomes elongate, unwind from rodlike to threadlike (chromosomes to chromatin), nuclear envelope reforms, nucleoli become visible within newly formed nuclei, microtubules disassemble
Term
cytokinesis
Definition
begins in anaphase when cell membrane starts to constrict in middle and continues through telophase
Term
cytokinesis
Definition
newly formed cells may differ slightly in size and number of organelles and inclusions, but have identical chromosomes and contain identical DNA.
Term
cytokinesis
Definition
musclelike contraction of a ring of actin microfilaments pinches off 2 cells from 1, microfilaments assemble in cytoplasm & attach to inner surface of cell membrane, contractile ring forms at right angles to microtubules that pulled chromosomes to opposite ends during mitosis, as ring pinches it separates 2 newly formed nuclei and apportions half of organelles into each daughter cell
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