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Hole's Anatomy and Physiology chs 17, 19 and 20
final
13
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
04/25/2011

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Cards

Term
Digestion is the process of:
Definition

Mechanically and chemically breaking down foods so they can be absorbed.

(Ingestion, propulsion, digestion, absorption, and defecation)

Term

Characteristics of the Alimentary canal

-The structure of the wall

Definition

-The wall consists of four layers

-the mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, and serosa.

Term

Characteristics of the Alimentary canal

Movements of the tube

Definition

-motor functions include mixing and propelling movements

-Peristalsis is responsible for propelling movements

-The wall undergoes receptive relaxation just ahead of a peristalic wave

Term

Characteristics of the Alimentary canal

Innervation of the tube

Definition

-The tube is innervated by branches of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

-Parasympathetic impulses generally increase digestive activities; sympathetic impulses generally inhibit digestive activities

-sympathetic impulses contract certain  sphincter muscles, controlling movement through the alimentary canal

Term

Mouth

cheeks and lips

Definition

-Cheeks form the lateral walls of the mouth

-Lips are highly mobile and have a variety of sensory receptors useful in judging the characteristics of food.

Term
Tongue
Definition

-the tounge is a thick, muscular organ that mixes food with saliva and moves it toward the pharynx.

-the rough surface of the tounge handles food and has taste buds.

-lingual tonsils are located on the root of the tounge

Term
Palate
Definition

-the palate comprises the roof of the mouth and includes hard and soft portions

-the soft palate, including the uvula, closes the opening to the nasal cavity during swallowing.

-palatine tonsils are located on either side of the tounge in the back of the mouth

-tonsils consist of lymphatic tissues.

Term
Teeth
Definition

- there are 20 primary and 32 secondary teeth.

-Teeth mechanicall break food into smaller pieces increasing the surface area exposed to digestive actions

-each tooth consists of a crown and root and is composed of enamel, dentin, pulp, nerves, and blood vessels.

-A tooth is attached to the aveolar process by the periodontal ligament.

Term
Salivary Glands secrete:
Definition
saliva, which moistens food, helps bind food particles, begins chemical digestion of carbohydrates, makes taste possible, helps cleanse the mouth, and regulates pH in the mouth.
Term
Salivary secretions
Definition

-salivary glands include serous cells that secrete digestive enzymes and mucous cells that secrete mucus.

-parasympathetic impulses stimulate the secretion of serous fluid

Term
Major salivary glands
Definition

- the parotid glands are the largest, and they secrete saliva rich in amylase

-the submandibular glands in the floor of the mouth produce viscous saliva.

-the sublingual glands in the floor of the mouth primarily secrete mucus.

Term

Pharynx and Esophagus

the structure

Definition

-the pharynx is divided into a nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

-the muscular walls of the pharynx contain fibers in circular and longitudinal groups

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