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Hole's Anatomy Manual Labs 4,5,7
Anatomy 101 Lab Manual Labs #4,#5,#7
31
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/09/2014

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Term
name the 3 major parts of the cell
Definition
1.cell membrane 2.cytoplasm 3.nucleus
Term
cell membrane description and function
Definition
double layer of phospholipid molecules making a semi-permeable membrane, also contains cholesterol which maintains structure of the membrane and proteins which helps regulate what enters and leaves the cell.
Term
Organelles in cytoplasm: Mitochondria
Definition
cell powerhouse-small cigar shaped structures that produce energy for the cell.
Term
Organelles in cytoplasm: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Definition
A series of flattened membranous sacs that extend from the nucleus to the cell membrane. There are 2 types: Rough and Smooth
Term
Organelles in cytoplasm: Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
Definition
contains on surface ribosomes which make proteins
Term
Organelles in cytoplasm: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
Definition
contains enzymes needed for lipid synthesis
Term
Organelles in cytoplasm: Golgi apparatus
Definition
(The UPS of the Cell) Flattened sacs smaller than ER, packages and ships primarily proteins out of cell, may also combine proteins with carbohydrates to make glycoproteins.
Term
Organelles in cytoplasm: Centrosome
Definition
Consists of 2 centrioles, aid in cell reproduction by making spindle fibers
Term
Organelles in cytoplasm: Ribosomes
Definition
small particles composed of RNA and proteins, may be free or attached to RER, produce proteins.
Term
Organelles in cytoplasm: Lysosomes
Definition
membranous sacs, cell garbage disposal
Term
Organelles in cytoplasm: Vesicles
Definition
also called Secretory Vesicles, Membranous sacs, contain substances that just entered the cell or substances prepared to leave the cell
Term
Organelles in cytoplasm: Peroxisomes
Definition
membranous sacs, breaks down organic molecules
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Control center of the cell
Term
Parts of Nucleus: Nuclear envelope
Definition
double layer membrane that contains pores, regulates what enters and leaves the nucleus
Term
Parts of the Nucleus: Nucleolus
Definition
Nucleus may contain 1 or more, form ribosomes
Term
Parts of Nucleus: Chromatin
Definition
Long, thin strands of protein and DNA, contains the blueprint for cell activity which is primarily synthesizing proteins.
Term
Cilia (not present on our lab model)
Definition
Projections off of the cell membrane, moves substances along surface of the cell
Term
Flagella (not present on our lab model)
Definition
Long, single projection off cell membrane, moves entire cell
Term
Microfilaments and Microtubules (not present on our lab model)
Definition
Thin protein strands within cytoplasm, help maintain structure of cell and move substances throughout cell
Term
Interphase
Definition
normal cell activity, chromosomal replication
Term
Cell Reproduction
Definition
stage when the cell divides into 2 new cells
Term
Mitosis (cell division)
Definition
Stage when the nucleus and it's contents divide. There are 4 phases of mitosis. (P.M.A.T.)
Term
4 Stages of Mitosis: Prophase
Definition
First stage of mitosis, characterized by the paired chromatids (chromosomes) being coiled up and visible. The chromatids are randomly scattered throughout the cell.
Term
4 Stages of Mitosis: Metaphase
Definition
2nd phase of mitosis characterized by the paired chromatids lining up in the middle of the cell. The chromatids may be vertical, horizontal, or oblique within the cell.
Term
4 Stages of Mitosis: Anaphase
Definition
3rd stage of mitosis characterized by the paired chromatids being pulled apart by the spindle fibers to opposite sides of the cell.
Term
4 Stages of Mitosis: Telophase
Definition
Last phase of mitosis characterized by the chromosomes elongating and balling up on opposite sides of the cell. (Cytokinesis best seen in this phase)
Term
Cytokinesis during mitosis
Definition
a pinching off of the cytoplasm in the middle of the cell.
Term
parfocal (microscope)
Definition
an image stays in focus (or nearly so)if the magnification is changed.
Term
working distance (microscope)
Definition
the distance from the objective lens to the slide on the stage
Term
field of view (microscope)
Definition
the area that is visible through the ocular lens
Term
total magnification (microscope)
Definition
determined by multiplying the power of the ocular lens (10X)by the power of the objective lens being used
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