Term
| name the 3 major parts of the cell |
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Definition
| 1.cell membrane 2.cytoplasm 3.nucleus |
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Term
| cell membrane description and function |
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Definition
| double layer of phospholipid molecules making a semi-permeable membrane, also contains cholesterol which maintains structure of the membrane and proteins which helps regulate what enters and leaves the cell. |
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Term
| Organelles in cytoplasm: Mitochondria |
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Definition
| cell powerhouse-small cigar shaped structures that produce energy for the cell. |
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Term
| Organelles in cytoplasm: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) |
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Definition
| A series of flattened membranous sacs that extend from the nucleus to the cell membrane. There are 2 types: Rough and Smooth |
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Term
| Organelles in cytoplasm: Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (RER) |
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Definition
| contains on surface ribosomes which make proteins |
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Term
| Organelles in cytoplasm: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) |
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Definition
| contains enzymes needed for lipid synthesis |
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Term
| Organelles in cytoplasm: Golgi apparatus |
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Definition
| (The UPS of the Cell) Flattened sacs smaller than ER, packages and ships primarily proteins out of cell, may also combine proteins with carbohydrates to make glycoproteins. |
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Term
| Organelles in cytoplasm: Centrosome |
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Definition
| Consists of 2 centrioles, aid in cell reproduction by making spindle fibers |
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Term
| Organelles in cytoplasm: Ribosomes |
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Definition
| small particles composed of RNA and proteins, may be free or attached to RER, produce proteins. |
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Term
| Organelles in cytoplasm: Lysosomes |
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Definition
| membranous sacs, cell garbage disposal |
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Term
| Organelles in cytoplasm: Vesicles |
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Definition
| also called Secretory Vesicles, Membranous sacs, contain substances that just entered the cell or substances prepared to leave the cell |
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Term
| Organelles in cytoplasm: Peroxisomes |
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Definition
| membranous sacs, breaks down organic molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Control center of the cell |
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Term
| Parts of Nucleus: Nuclear envelope |
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Definition
| double layer membrane that contains pores, regulates what enters and leaves the nucleus |
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Term
| Parts of the Nucleus: Nucleolus |
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Definition
| Nucleus may contain 1 or more, form ribosomes |
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Term
| Parts of Nucleus: Chromatin |
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Definition
| Long, thin strands of protein and DNA, contains the blueprint for cell activity which is primarily synthesizing proteins. |
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Term
| Cilia (not present on our lab model) |
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Definition
| Projections off of the cell membrane, moves substances along surface of the cell |
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Term
| Flagella (not present on our lab model) |
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Definition
| Long, single projection off cell membrane, moves entire cell |
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Term
| Microfilaments and Microtubules (not present on our lab model) |
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Definition
| Thin protein strands within cytoplasm, help maintain structure of cell and move substances throughout cell |
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Term
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Definition
| normal cell activity, chromosomal replication |
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Term
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Definition
| stage when the cell divides into 2 new cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Stage when the nucleus and it's contents divide. There are 4 phases of mitosis. (P.M.A.T.) |
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Term
| 4 Stages of Mitosis: Prophase |
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Definition
| First stage of mitosis, characterized by the paired chromatids (chromosomes) being coiled up and visible. The chromatids are randomly scattered throughout the cell. |
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Term
| 4 Stages of Mitosis: Metaphase |
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Definition
| 2nd phase of mitosis characterized by the paired chromatids lining up in the middle of the cell. The chromatids may be vertical, horizontal, or oblique within the cell. |
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Term
| 4 Stages of Mitosis: Anaphase |
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Definition
| 3rd stage of mitosis characterized by the paired chromatids being pulled apart by the spindle fibers to opposite sides of the cell. |
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Term
| 4 Stages of Mitosis: Telophase |
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Definition
| Last phase of mitosis characterized by the chromosomes elongating and balling up on opposite sides of the cell. (Cytokinesis best seen in this phase) |
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Term
| Cytokinesis during mitosis |
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Definition
| a pinching off of the cytoplasm in the middle of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| an image stays in focus (or nearly so)if the magnification is changed. |
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Term
| working distance (microscope) |
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Definition
| the distance from the objective lens to the slide on the stage |
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Term
| field of view (microscope) |
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Definition
| the area that is visible through the ocular lens |
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Term
| total magnification (microscope) |
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Definition
| determined by multiplying the power of the ocular lens (10X)by the power of the objective lens being used |
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