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| A series of Acts created in 1867 that divided seceded states into 5 military districts and forced them to ratify the 14th amendment to let all men vote. |
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| middle class people, often former Union soldiers or merchants, ministers, or artisans who viewed the South as a region of opportunity |
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| white men eager to enrich themselves and garner political power by manipulating black voters. They mostly came from less developed regions of the South. |
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| former vice president of the Confederacy, chosen to represent Georgia in the Senate. He helped pass Black Codes |
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| Charles Sumner coined this term. It's what Grant stood for instead of what 'true' Republicans believed |
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| All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. |
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| 17th president, following Lincoln's death. presided over reconstruction. first to get an impeachment trial |
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| prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" (i.e., slavery). It was ratified on February 3, 1870. |
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| any political corruption and greed in government after the Ulysses S. Grant Administration |
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| These acts called for elections that allowed black men to vote, but barred southerners who served in the confederate army |
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| a political party that was organized in Cincinnati in May 1872, to oppose the reelection of President Ulysses S. Grant and his Radical Republican supporters. |
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| This party's candidate in 1872's presidential election was Horace Greeley, longtime publisher of the New York Tribune. |
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| an American newspaper editor, a founder of the Liberal Republican Party, a reformer, and a politician. His New York Tribune was America's most influential newspaper from the 1840s to the 1870s |
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| the Democratic Party nominee for president of the United States in the presidential election of 1868, who lost the election to Republican and former Union General of the Army Ulysses S. Grant. |
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| democratic pres candidate against Grant who used the slogan: this is a white man's country, let white men rule. |
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| another name for the knights of the white camelia or the white brotherhood |
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| when the nation's most prominent financial houses and banks went bankrupt after taking huge risks with their money, credit became scarce and folks lost their jobs. This continued for four years. what was this called? |
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| this economic downturn led to the public electing a democrat in 1874 for the first time since the war |
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| The land in the west meant safety and a place where white northerners could continue to make a living and not have to worry about competition. If slavery were to move west, it would destroy that option because there would be less industrialization and they wouldn't be able to compete with slave labor. |
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| free labor ideology, used by the republican party against slavery |
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| the Democratic candidate for the U.S. presidency in the disputed election of 1876, one of the most controversial American elections of the 19th century. He was the 25th Governor of New York. |
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| He won the popular vote over his Republican opponent, Rutherford B. Hayes, proving that the Democrats were back in the political picture following the Civil War. But the result in the Electoral College was in question because the states of Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina each sent two sets of Electoral Votes to Congress. |
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| the 19th President of the United States (1877–1881). As president, he oversaw the end of Reconstruction and the United States' entry into the Second Industrial Revolution. |
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| Although he lost the popular vote to Democrat Samuel J. Tilden, he won the presidency by the narrowest of margins after a Congressional commission awarded him twenty disputed electoral votes. The result was the Compromise of 1877 |
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| After a hotly disputed election, the Democrats acquiesced to Hayes's election and Hayes accepted the end of military occupation of the South. |
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| Through this, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the White House over Democrat Samuel J. Tilden on the understanding that Hayes would remove the federal troops that were propping up Republican state governments in South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana. |
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| also called secret ballot, the system of voting wherein all ballots looked identical and people can designate their vote privately |
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| He is most notable as the lone dissenter in the Civil Rights Cases (1883), and Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), which, respectively, struck down as unconstitutional federal anti-discrimination legislation and upheld Southern segregation statutes. He said the constitution was color blind. |
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| Case in which a black man sat in a whites-only train car and got arrested. The Supreme Court ruled him guilty since there are 'separate but equal' facilities for blacks to use. |
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| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) |
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| Passed in 1862, this provided 160 acres of free land to any settler willing to live on it for 5 years; promoted westward migration |
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| group of farmers to alleviate farmer's problems. they shared ideas through a newletter/ Panic of 1873 made this a huge movement |
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| Similar to the Panic of 1873, this panic was marked by the collapse of railroad overbuilding and shaky railroad financing which set off a series of bank failures. Compounding market overbuilding and the railroad bubble, was a run on the gold supply (relative to silver), |
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| Republican political activists who bolted from the United States Republican Party by supporting Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in the United States presidential election of 1884. They switched parties because they rejected the financial corruption associated with Republican candidate James G. Blaine. |
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| The Stalwarts were in favor of political machines and spoils system-style patronage, while these people, led by Maine senator James G. Blaine, were in favor of civil service reform and a merit system |
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| These people were in favor of political machines and spoils system-style patronage, while the Half-Breeds, led by Maine senator James G. Blaine, were in favor of civil service reform and a merit system. |
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| They worked to get civil service reform, and finally created the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. |
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| He wrote and introduced the Sherman Antitrust Act, the first United States Federal Government action to limit monopolies and thus the oldest of all Federal antitrust laws in the United States. It was signed by President Benjamin Harrison that year. |
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| the first United States Federal Government action to limit monopolies and thus the oldest of all Federal antitrust laws in the United States. |
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| He struggled to overcome suspicions of his beginnings as a politician from the New York City Republican machine, succeeding at that task by embracing the cause of civil service reform. His advocacy for, and enforcement of, the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act was the centerpiece of his administration. |
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| Became president after the assassination of James Garfield |
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| an American lawyer who assassinated U.S. President James A. Garfield. He was executed by hanging. He had a lifelong history of mental illness. |
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| nationwide popularity led the Democrats to nominate him for President in 1880. Although he ran a strong campaign, Hancock was defeated by Republican James Garfield by the closest popular vote margin in American history |
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| his tactical skill won him the quick admiration of adversaries who had come to know him as the 'Thunderbolt of the Army of the Potomac'. |
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| His presidency lasted just 200 days—from March 4, 1881, until his death on September 19, 1881, as a result of being shot by assassin Charles J. Guiteau |
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| He proposed substantial civil service reform, eventually passed in 1883 by his successor, Chester A. Arthur, as the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. |
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| a federal law established in 1883 that stipulated that government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit. The act provided selection of government employees competitive exams, rather than ties to politicians or political affiliation. |
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| Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act |
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| He was nominated for president in 1884, but lost a close race to Democrat Grover Cleveland. |
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| The situation in which Cleveland admitted to paying child support in 1874 to Maria Crofts Halpin, the woman who claimed he fathered her child named Oscar Folsom Cleveland. |
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| Woman involved with Cleveland in the Halpin Affair |
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| a Republican, was elected to the presidency in 1888, defeating Democratic incumbent Grover Cleveland. His administration is most remembered for economic legislation, including the McKinley Tariff and the Sherman Antitrust Act, |
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| He is to date the only U.S. president from Indiana and the only one to be the grandson of another president. He's a Republican. |
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| This tariff raised the average duty on imports to almost fifty percent, an act designed to protect domestic industries from foreign competition. |
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| McKinley Tariff, or The Tariff Act of 1890 |
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| farmers urged the government to pass this Act in order to boost the economy and cause inflation, allowing them to pay their debts with cheaper dollars. Mining companies, meanwhile, had extracted vast quantities of silver from western mines; the resulting oversupply drove down the price of their product, often to below the point where it was not profitable to mine it. They hoped to enlist the government to artificially increase the demand for silver. |
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| Sherman Silver Purchase Act |
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| He authored an antitrust act and a silver purchase act |
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| the first Federal statute to limit cartels and monopolies |
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| The Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) |
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| An opponent of the gold standard and national banks, he is most famous as the presidential nominee of the Populist Party in the 1892 election. |
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| a protest march by unemployed workers from the United States, led by the populist Jacob Coxey. They marched on Washington D.C. in 1894, the second year of a four-year economic depression that was the worst in United States history to that time. |
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| This political policy was directly opposed to the Gold Standard and aimed for inflationary monetary policy |
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| a dominant force in the liberal wing of the Democratic Party, standing three times as its candidate for President of the United States (1896, 1900 and 1908). Invented the national stumping tour whereas other pres candidates stayed at home. |
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| the 25th President of the United States (1897–1901). He is best known for winning fiercely fought elections, while supporting the gold standard and high tariffs; he succeeded in forging a Republican coalition that for the most part dominated national politics until the 1930s. He also led the nation to victory in 100 days in the Spanish American War. |
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| who did the tin man represent? |
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| industrial workers, dehumanized by their jobs |
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| who did the scarecrow represent? |
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| who did the cowardly lion represent? |
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| what do the silver slippers represent? |
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| the optimism of free silver instead of the gold standard |
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| This tax emerged in some states of the United States in the late 19th century as part of the Jim Crow laws after the ability to vote was extended to all races by the enactment of the Fifteenth Amendment |
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| After the ability to vote was extended to all races by the enactment of the Fifteenth Amendment, many Southern states enacted poll tax laws which often included a _________ _________ that allowed any adult male whose father or grandfather had voted in a specific year prior to the abolition of slavery to vote without paying the tax. |
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| These, along with poll taxes, were used to deny suffrage to African-Americans in a number of southern states, while allowing many illiterate whites to vote. |
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| These mandated racial segregation in all public facilities, with a supposedly "separate but equal" status for black Americans. |
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| the commercial, office, retail, and cultural center of the city and usually is the center point for transportation networks. |
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| Central Business District (CBD) |
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| physical growth of urban areas as a result of global change |
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| the Republican Congress effort to remake the south in the image of the North |
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| Reconstruction hinged on two things... |
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| the restoration of the Southern states to the union and the status of the freedman |
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| In the 1892 election, this man was a gifted orator, but not very personal or friendly, a "whitehouse iceberg" |
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| the leader of the pro-business Bourbon Democrats who opposed high tariffs, Free Silver, inflation, imperialism and subsidies to business, farmers or veterans. His battles for political reform and fiscal conservatism made him an icon for American conservatives |
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| a pejorative term Southerners gave to Northerners (also referred to as Yankees) who moved to the South during the Reconstruction era, between 1865 and 1877. |
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| Despite being a minority, they gained power by taking advantage of the Reconstruction laws of 1867 that disenfranchised the majority of Southerners who could not or did not wish to take the Ironclad oath certifying that they did not serve in Confederate military or hold any office under the previous regime. |
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| Two of the most prominent scalawags were |
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| General James Longstreet and Joseph E. Brown |
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| the southern wing of the Bourbon Democrats, the conservative, pro-business wing of the Democratic Party, who sought to oust the Republican coalition of freedmen, carpetbaggers and scalawags. |
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