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| rallied frankish warriors. |
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| Christian warriors triumphed |
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| established a kingdom that replaced the unifying force of the roman empire in western europe |
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| the grandson of Charles Martel. united western europe when he built an empire reaching across what is now france, germany, and part of italy |
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| settled in Hungary, and and overan eastern europe for aobut 50 years |
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| broke the last threads of unity in Charlemagne's empire |
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| a loosly organized system of rule in which powerful lords divided thier landholdings among lesser lords |
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| a vassal would pledge the powerful lords loyalty |
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| a powerful lord grannted his vassal a fief(estate) |
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| boys at the age of 7 would be sent a away to train to be a knight, to the castle of his father's lord |
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| required knights to be brave, and loyal and true to their word. |
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| wandering musicians, that sang about the brave deeds of knights and their devotion to their lady loves |
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| the lords estate, included one or more village and the surrounding lands |
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| most peasants on a manor. they weren't slaves that could be sold, but still werent free. |
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| the sacred rites of the church.christians believed that it would lead them to salvation or everlasting life with god. |
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| monks and nuns took 3 vows. 1. obedience to who headed the monastery or convent 2. poverty 3. chastity, or purity |
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| wordly force in medieval europe |
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| gave the popes authority over all secular rulers, including kings and emperors |
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| governed many aspects of life.. wills, marriages, and morals |
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| they could not recieve 'sacraments' if excommunicated |
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| and order excluding the entire town, region, or kingdowm from receiving most sacraments and christian burials |
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| monks who did not live in isolated moasteries. they traveled around preaching to hte pooor |
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| founded the first order of friars. and devoted himself to preaching the gospels . |
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| set out rights and prifileges of the town. and for return merchants paid the lord or the king money |
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| groups of merchants that pooled thier funds to finance a large scale venture that they could not pay for alone |
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| they paid rent for their land and hire farm laborers. |
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| ranked between nobles and peasants. was formed b merchants, traders, and artisans |
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| made rules to protect hte quality of their goods. |
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| trainee to be a guild master, usually started work at the age 7 or 8 |
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