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History Week 2
Egypt
30
History
Undergraduate 4
10/30/2017

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Term
Mastaba
Definition
Bench in arabic
Built above the tomb
Made from sundried mud brick, overtime dissolves
Term
[image]
Definition
Mastaba (part above ground)
Term
Imhotep
Definition
Zoser (Pharoah)'s grand nazir.
Came up with 6 layer pyramid to prevent robbers (series of mastabas)
Made brick out of limestone instead of mud
First monumental stone structure in history
Term
[image]
Definition
Zoser's step pyramid
1st monumental stone structure in history
Term
Pilaster
Definition
An engaged column (part of the wall) or non-load bearing column
Pilaster = more decorative buttress
Term
[image]
Definition
Pilaster
Term
[image]
Definition
Great Pyramid
Made of limestone
Almost twice as high as Zoser's pyramid
480' tall, 756' wide, covers 18 acres. 2.3 million blocks of stone each weighing 2.5 tons
Term
Cornerstone
Definition
First block that is laid for the pyramid that determines the correctness of the structure
On the corner of the pyramid
Perfectly smooth, perfect 90 degree angle at corners
Term
Casing/sheathing stone
Definition
To make the sides of the pyramid smooth (no steps)
Term
Capstone
Definition
Made of limestone overlaid with 24K gold to cap off the pyramid at the very top. Small pyramid.
Gold = symbolizes sun
Term
[image]
Definition
Hatshepsut
soft features, soft face, small, and breasts. Was a woman.
Married her half brother, when he died she took over as Pharaoh.
Was Pharaoh for 20 years and there were no wars during that time
Built her tomb valley of the KINGS
Term
[image]
Definition
Hatshepsut's funerary complex in valley of the kings.
Sited - used what nature gave
This is the most beautifully sited structure in the ancient world
Term
Sited
Definition
Utilizing what nature gives you and what is manmade
Term
[image]
Definition
Temple of Edfu. Entrance facade is Pylon made of limestone.
First pylon. Pylon leads to a courtyard.
Term
Pylon
Definition
Gateway or doorway
Term
Straight Axis
Definition
When doors are all aligned in a straight line.
In temple of Amoun, doors are supposed to lead to Gd
Term
Order: Papyrus Bud
Definition
Capital angled in
Supposed to look like the Calyx (before flower opens up) Made of limestone blocks. Carved and painted with depictions of gods, goddesses, pharaoh, family. CAPITAL CLOSED UP.
Term
Order: Papyrus Flower
Definition
Taller, bigger ones with flaring capitals. CAPITAL FLARED OUT.
Term
Order: Palm
Definition
Capital looks like stylized palm frons
Term
Reed
Definition
grows along waterways.
Built boats out of these, made sandles, made floor coverings, made the first attempt at paper.
Only indigenous plants to Egypt.
Term
Reeded or Reeding
Definition
Convex curves on columns that look like bunches of reeds put together
Term
[image]
Definition
Left: Papyrus flower
Right: papyrus bud
Term
Clerestory window
Definition
Window at top of wall, under roofline
Allows for light to come in and for hot air to escape
Can be single window or row of windows
IN THE WALL
Term
Skylight
Definition
Window within roof itself
Allows light to come in
IN THE CEILING
Term
[image]
Definition
Clerestory Windows, Skylights
Term
Obelisk
Definition
Tapered 4 sided column topped with 4 sided triangle
Tributary
Cut out of one solid piece of stone
Term
[image]
Definition
Obelisk
Term
Colossi(us)
Definition
a MEGA, HUGE structure
Term
Ramesses the great
Definition
Had colossus figures built to secure his place in history
Had over 100 sons
Term
[image]
Definition
Ramesses colossi
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