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History Vocab Flash Cards
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84
History
8th Grade
06/06/2010

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Term
favorite son
Definition
candidate that receives the backing of his home state rather than of the national party
Term
plurality
Definition
largest single share
Term
mudslinging
Definition
attempt to ruin an opponent's reputation with insults
Term
landslide
Definition
an overwhelming victory
Term
suffrage
Definition
the right to vote
Term
bureaucracy
Definition
system in which non-elected official carry out laws and policies
Term
spoils system
Definition
practice of handing out government jobs to supporters; replacing government employees with the winning candidate's supporters
Term
caucus
Definition
a meeting held by a political party to choose their party;s candidate for president or decide policy
Term
tariff
Definition
a tax on imports and exports
Term
nullify
Definition
to cancel or make ineffective
Term
secede
Definition
to leave or withdraw
Term
relocate
Definition
to force a person or a group of people to move
Term
guerrilla tactics
Definition
referring to surprise attacks or raids rather than an organized warfare
Term
veto
Definition
to reject a bill and prevent it from becoming a law
Term
depression
Definition
a period of low economic activity and widespread unemployment
Term
lissez-faire
Definition
policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy
Term
joint occupation
Definition
the possession and settling of an area shared by two or more countries
Term
mountain man
Definition
a frontiersman living in the wilderness, as in the Rocky mountains.
Term
rendezvous
Definition
a meeting
Term
emigrant
Definition
a person who leaves a country or region to live elsewhere
Term
Manifest Destiny
Definition
the idea popular in the US during the 1800's that the country must expand its boundaries to the Pacific
Term
Tejano
Definition
a mexican who claims Texas as his home
Term
empresario
Definition
a person who arranges for the settlement of land in Texas during the 1800's
Term
decree
Definition
an order given by one authority
Term
annex
Definition
to add a territory to one's own territory
Term
ranchero
Definition
Mexican ranch owner
Term
rancho
Definition
huge properties for raising livestock set up by mexican settlers in Ca
Term
Californio
Definition
mexicans who live in Ca
Term
cede
Definition
to give up by treaty
Term
range
Definition
series of mountain peaks
Term
community
Definition
a group of people with common interest, especially when living together
Term
item
Definition
a good or a product
Term
pose
Definition
to put forth, to present
Term
vision
Definition
the intellectual ability to think or plan ahead
Term
abolitionist
Definition
a person who strongly favors doing away with slavery
Term
Underground Railroad
Definition
a system that helped enslaved africians americans follow a network of escape routes out of the south to freedom in the north
Term
sectionalism
Definition
loyalty to a region
Term
nullify
Definition
Term
protective tariff
Definition
tariff that raises the price of goods from other countries
Term
fugitive
Definition
runaway or trying to run away
Term
abstain
Definition
to not take part in some activity, such as voting
Term
popular sovereignty
Definition
political theory that government is subject to the will of the people; before the civil war, the idea that people living in a territory had the right to decide by voting if slavery would be allowed there
Term
border ruffians
Definition
Missourians who traveled in the armed groups to vote in Kansas's election during the mid-1850's
Term
civil war
Definition
conflict between opposing groups of citizens of the same country
Term
arsenal
Definition
a storage place for weapons and ammunition
Term
martyr
Definition
a person who sacrifices his or her life for a principle or cause
Term
border states
Definition
the states between the north and south that were divided over whether to stay n the union or join the confederacy
Term
secession
Definition
withdrawal from the union
Term
states' rights
Definition
rights and powers independent of the federal government that are reserved for the states by the Constitution; the belief that the states' rights supersede federal rights and law
Term
border state
Definition
Term
blockade
Definition
cut off an area by means of troops or warships to stop supplies or people from coming in or going out; to close off a country's ports
Term
offensive
Definition
position of attacking or the attack itself
Term
Rebel
Definition
Confederate soldier, so called because of opposition to the established government
Term
Yankee
Definition
Union soldier
Term
Ironclad
Definition
armored naval vessel
Term
casualty
Definition
a military killed, wounded, or captured
Term
emancipate
Definition
to free from slavery
Term
ratify
Definition
to give official approval to
Term
habeas corpus
Definition
a legal order for an inquiry to determine whether a person has been lawfully imprisoned
Term
draft
Definition
a selection of persons for military service
Term
bounty
Definition
money given as a reward, such as to encourage enlistment in the army
Term
inflation
Definition
a continuous rise in the price of goods and services
Term
entrench
Definition
occupying a strong defense position
Term
total war
Definition
war on all aspects of the enemy's life
Term
Reconstruction
Definition
the reorganization and rebuilding of the former Confederate states after the Civil war
Term
amnesty
Definition
the granting of pardon to a large number of persons; protection from prosecution for an illegal act
Term
radical
Definition
extreme
Term
freedmen
Definition
a person freed from slavery
Term
black codes
Definition
laws passed in the South just after the Civil war aimed at controlling freedmen and enabling plantation owners to exploit African Americans workers
Term
override
Definition
to overturn a defeat, as a bill proposed in Congress
Term
impeach
Definition
to formally charge a public official with misconduct in office
Term
scalawag
Definition
name given to by former confederates to southern whites who supported republican reconstruction of the south
Term
carpetbagger
Definition
name given to northern whites who moved south after the civil war and supported the republicans
Term
corruption
Definition
dishonest or illegal actions
Term
integrate
Definition
to end separation of different races and bring into equal membership in society
Term
sharecropping
Definition
system of farming in which a farmer works land for an owner who provides equipment and seeds and receives a share of the crop
Term
reconciliation
Definition
settling by agreement or coming together again
Term
commission
Definition
a group of persons directed to perform some duty
Term
cash crop
Definition
farm crop raised to be sold for money
Term
poll tax
Definition
a tax of a fixed amount per person that had to be paid before the person could vote
Term
literacy test
Definition
a method used to prevent african americans from voting by requiring prospective voters to read and write at a specified level
Term
grandfather clause
Definition
a clause that allowed individuals who did not pass the literacy test to vote if their fathers or grandfathers had voted before reconstruction began; an exception to a law based on preexisting circumstances
Term
segregation
Definition
a separation or isolation of a race
Term
lynching
Definition
putting to death a person by the illegal action of a mob
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