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| The time before writing was developed |
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| The study of past societies throuh analysis of what people left behind |
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| Objects made by humans, that are very old. ex. tools, weapons, art, and buildings made by early humans |
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| Study of human life and culture. ex. What people wear, how society works, values |
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| Rocklike remains of biological organisms. Ex. a leaf, imprint of a skeleton |
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| Humanlike creature that walked upright. Lived in africa 4 million years ago. |
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| Skeleton found in Ethiopia. Common ancestor for several types of early human life. Found by Donald Johanson. Australopithecus "Southern Ape." Flourished in eastern and southern Africa. 3.5 million years old. |
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| Lived 2.5 to 1.6 million years ago. Larger brain. "Handy man." Developed stone tools. |
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| "Upright human." Lived 1.8 million to 100,00 years ago. Had arms and legs in modern human proportion. First hominid to leave Africa. First to use fire. |
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| Lived 200,000 years ago. "Wise human." Showed rapid brain growth. Mastered fire. Two subgroups of humans came from them: Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens Sapiens |
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| "Wise, wise, human." Anatomy simular to people today. Lived 150,000 and 200,000 years ago. Spread 100,000 years ago. They replaced populations of earlier hominids in Europe and Asia. "Out of Africa Theory" |
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| Subgroup of Homo Sapiens. Lived in Germany 100,000 BC and died out in 30,000 BC. Also lived in Turkey. First people to bury their dead. |
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| How people vary throughout the world |
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| The different components that make up the earth and the natural resources depending on the environment/location. |
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| North, East, South, and West |
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| When a scientist looks at the remains of the once living thing and by determining how much carbon 14 is left so they can determine how old it is. |
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| The way of life of people in a certain time and place |
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| complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a number of common elements. |
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| Cities, government, religion, social structure, writing, and art |
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| First civilizations. Developed in river valleys. Carry on large scale farming for a big population. |
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| Organize and regulate human activity. This was needed because of growing population, maintain food supply, and defense. Provided smooth interaction between people and groups. First led by monarchs- Kings/queens who organized armies and made laws |
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| To explain the forces of nature and their roles in the world. Consisted of gods and godesses. Priests supervised rituals aimed at pleasing them. |
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| Based on economic power. There was an upper, middle and lower class. The upper class dominated the society. Urban population exported goods to neighboring in exchange for raw materials, organized trade. Transfer of technology. |
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| Very important feature. Used by rulers, preists, merchants, and artisans to keep accurate records. Some civilizations were based on memory of matters. Creative expression and record keeping |
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| Rulers, preists, government officials, and warriors who dominated society. |
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| Farmers, artisans, and craftspeople |
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| Architects are artists. Temples and pyramids as plaes for worship or sacrifice of for burial of kings etc. Painters and sculptors portrayed stories of nature. Descriptions of the ruler and gods they worshiped. |
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| A way to provide food for a group by seeking out and killing animals and collecting other foods. Shared by the group. Nomadic in nature, migrates. |
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| For the agricultural revolution. For advancement and progress. |
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| Takes the original argument and revises it into something else. Intended to revise old interpretation with new evidence. |
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| Your stance or position on the matter |
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| Flat surface used to find places. When you need directions you look at a map. |
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| A spherical 3D model of the earth. You use a globe to find bigger scale things like a continent or something. |
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| Huge mass of water. Without oceans there are no continents |
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| Way of describing the position of an object or place, perhaps (but not limited to) on the surface of the earth. |
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| The angular distance of a point north or south of the equator. |
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| The angular distance of a point east or west of the Prime Meridian. |
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| The imaginary line that divides the map/globe/earth in to northern and southern halves. |
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| Divides it into eastern and western halves. |
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| Where something is located in relationship to something else. Cardinal directions are used for this. |
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| 100,000 BC to 8,000 BC. Temperatures rise. Then came the little ice age. The ice age created land bridges which made migrating easier. |
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| No water/ rain. Vegetation, animals that eat it die. Humans eat animals and vegetation die. People had to stay close to water. Couldn't maintain nomadic ways of life. |
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| When species evolve and older species can no longer keep up with the evolving world. ex. When the Homo Sapiens died out and Homo Sapiens Sapiens were the main species of the world. |
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annual flow of rich mud allowed plants previously gathered over wide areas to be seeded and harvested systematically by men and women. |
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| To tame an animal to keep for farming purposes and also to cultivate a plant for food. |
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Around 8000bc, humans in the Middle East underwent a gradual shift from hunting and gathering to domesticating plants and animals. This change was due to a return of ice age like conditions and drought for one thousand years. Drought caused plants to die which caused wild animals to die, and both meant less food for humans. |
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A prehistoric period that followed the Stone Age and preceded the Iron Age, when certain weapons and tools came to be made of bronze rather than stone |
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| Period that followed the Bronze Age, when weapons and tools came to be made of iron |
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| A worker in a skilled trade |
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| Inhabitants of present-day Mexico and Central America--grew beans, squash, and maize |
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| Kings or queens who rule a kingdom- who organize armies to protect their populations and made laws to regulate their subjects' lives. |
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| Supervised rituals to please people |
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| An arc of land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. Rich soil and abundant crops allowed the land to sustain an early civilization |
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| A government by divine authority |
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| Where Louis and Mary Leakey made a dramatic discovery. In East Africa. |
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| The theory that Homo Sapiens Sapiens appeared in Africa between 150,000 and 200,000 years ago. They probably spread out of Africa to other parts of the world about 100,000 years ago, replacing populations of earlier hominids in Europe and Asia. |
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| Early period of human history in which humans used simple stone tools. "Old Stone Age" |
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| Australopithecus Afarensis |
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| Lived in Eastern and Northen Africa from 3.5-1.4 million years ago. Average height was from 3'10" to 4'7" with a much smaller brain capacity than moderen humans (about 35% of the size of our brains) Probably died out from competion with other hominids |
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| Wrote "Guns, Germs, and Steel" Also wrote article, "The Worst Mistake". Revisionist |
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| First crops to be planted. Jump started farming. After Ice Age, there was a large amount of Wheat and Barley because of the warm wet weather. |
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| The study of the past after writing was developed |
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| The exact location of the place on the longitude and latitude lines |
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| Ardipithicus had opposable toes like modern day apes, but evidence shows that they walked on two feet part of the time as well. One fossil of Ardipithecus was found in Ethiopia in 1995 and named "Ardi" Probably died out from competion with more advanced hominids |
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| The lines that cross one another forming the pattern, which helps you find exact places on the Earth's surface |
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| One of the halves into which the Earth is divided. |
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| Consistent proportional relationship between the measurements shown on the map and the measurement of the Earth's surface |
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| Everything north of the Equator |
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| Everything south of the Equator |
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| Everything east of the Prime Meridian for 180 degrees |
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| Everything west of the Prime Meridian for 180 degrees |
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