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History-Test 4
Test Four
26
History
Undergraduate 1
12/14/2011

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Occupy Wall Street
Definition

Protestors against social and economic inequality, high unemployment, greed, corruption, and the undue influence of major corporations. 

 

SLOGAN: "We are the 99%" --reffering to the growing difference in wealth in the United States between the wealthiest 1% and the rest of the population. 

Term
Abby Kelley
Definition

quaker

female anti-slavery society

"the holy cause of human rights" 

appointed to the business commitee of the anti-slavery society

 

*most precious legacy: free country.

Term
Tea Party 
Definition

T-taxed

E-enough

A-already

 

Supports reduced government spending, opposition to taxing in various degrees, reduction in the national debt and federal budget defecit, and adherence to an originalist interpretation of the United States Constitution. 

Term
Women's Movement
Definition

female abolitionists: maria stewart, sarah and angelina grimke, sojourner truth, abby kelley, lucy stone, and elizabeth cady stanton.

 

cult of true womanhood-

1. women's rights: right to love whom others scorn, right to comfort and to mourn, right to shed new joy on earth.

 

2. four pillars: pious, domestic, submissive, pure.

 

seneca falls conference- 1848, NY

1. declaration of setiments, "all ___ are created equal."

 

worcester convention- 1850, MA

1. elizabeth cady stanton: beginning of movement for women's rights.

2. first national convention

**nominated Pauline W Davis as President

3. Sojourner Truth gave a famous speech

4. Abby Kelley, most controversial speaker

 

NEGATIVE SOCIETY REACTION. 

Term

Second Great Awakening: Time of Social Improvement

1820-1840

Definition
  • Unitarians believed in a god of love.
  • religious revivalism: social reforms and redefining ideals of equality: temperance, asylum and penal reform, abolition, women's rights, education.
  • saved by christianity: good works, grace, immortality has no way out. 
  • *using religion as a base to change society 
Rise of African American Churches
> African American's started northern, southern, and full gospel baptist church. 
> Baptists and Methodists converted large numbers of African-Americans 
 
Mormonism
> church of Jesus Christ of the latter day saints
> Joseph Smith, NY
> faith by works
> Open to African American People 
 
Temperance Movement
> drank a lot. 
> women argued that drinking caused domestic violence, public rowdiness, and loss of family income.
>temperance: curbing drinking
  prohibition: eliminate drinking
 
 
 
Term
Transcendentalism
Definition
  • Liberation from understanding and the cultivation of reasoning
  • Ralph Waldo Emerson- Nature, Self Reliance, American Scholar
  • Henry David Thoreau- Walden, Resistance to Civil Disobedience
Term

Age of Reform 

1820-1860

Definition
  • pursuit of perfection in Antebellum America
  • areas of reform: slavery, industrialization, women's rights, public school, temperance, prison reform, male domination, and war. 
Temperance
>curbing of drinking, not ending of it.
>5,000 temperance societies founded between 1826-1836
>1826-American Temperance Society was formed
 
Educational Reform
>1800, Mass was only state requiring free public schools
>First State Board of Education, created by Horace Mann in 1830's, and created a minimum length school year.
 
 
Term

War with Mexico

1846-1848

Definition

Three major campaigns: Two went south from Texas to seize Northern Monterey; One went north to Monterey and Louisiana.

 

Ended by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

>Manifest Destiny: "from sea to shining sea"

>Acquired five states: Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, California, and Utah. Only $15 million dollars. 

Term
Election of 1848
Definition
  • Martin Van Buren nominated to run for the Free Soil Party.
  • Democrats nominated Lewis Cass from Michigan.
  • Whig Candidate, Zachary Taylor, won the election.
  • Van Buren was a former president and his running mate was JQA's son. 
Term
Compromise of 1850
Definition
  • California would enter as a free state.
  • Slave trade would be abolished in the nation's capitol. 
  • Southerners could reclaim runaway slaves.
  • Status of slavery in remaining territories acquired from Mexico would be up to the white inhabitants. 
  • Proposed by Henry Clay
  • Temporarily restored sectional peace and party unity
 
Term
Underground Railroad
Definition

Harriet Tubman: born in Maryland in 1820; escaped to Philadephia in 1849; made twenty plus trips back to Maryland to help other slaves escape. 

 

Fugitive Slave Law: Slave is property, a slave must be returned to their owner. 

Term
BATTLES.
Definition

Chickamaugua:

Braxton Braggs (CS) defeated William Rosecrans (US) 

Confederate Victory

20,000 casualties on each side.

 

Gettysburg: 

Hooker & Meade (US) defeated Lee (CS) 

Union Victory 

23,000 casualties on each side.

 

Anteitam:

McClellan (US) defeated Lee (CS) 

Union victory

bloodiest single-day battle

***led to the emancipation proclamation

 

Shiloh:

Grant (US) defeated Beauregaurd (CS) 

Union Victory

11,000 casualties on each side.

 

Fort Sumter:

Anderson (US) vs. Beauregaurd (CS)

2 union casualties

VA, AR, NC, and TN seceded.

 

2nd Battle of Bull Run:

Lee (CS) defeated Pope (US)

Confederate Victory

CC-1,300 UC-10,000 

 

Vicksburg: 

Grant (US) defeated Pemberton (CS) 

Union Victory

4,000 casualties on each side

 

Appomatox:

Lee (CS) surrendered to Grant (US) 

Lee offered his sword, Grant refused to take it. 

Term

Whig Party

1834-1854

Definition

*Created by Henry Clay

-Fiscal Conservatives

-More Southern State's Right's 

-Protective Tariffs

-Federally financed internal programs

 

1840-William Henry Harrison, first Whig Pres

1848- Zachary Taylor, last Whig Pres

 

1852-Winfield Scott

< Southern, Democrat.

> Northern, Republican. 

Term

Free Soil Party

1848-1854

Definition

*Opposed slavery in new territories

Term
Democratic Party
Definition

*Began in 1790 as the Republican Party by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison

   1828>Democratic Republican Party by A.J.

 

1st convention: 1834

 

1860, SPLIT:

northern democrats: wanted supreme court in charge of slavery.

southern democrats: wanted federal protection of slavery.

1865, JOINED TOGETHER.

 

1890's- Democrats consisted of Catholics, immigrants, and poor workers.

 

1948- National Democratic Convention took a strong pro-civil rights stance and pushed southern democrats to Republican Side. 

Term
Republican Party
Definition

*1790, Federalist Party, Alexander Hamilton

  > 1828, National Republican Party, John Quincy Adams

  > 1834, Whig Party, Henry Clay

  >Free Soil and Whig Party joined to form Republican Party in 1854. 

 

1865, SPLIT: conservatives, radicals, and moderates.

 

1890's- wanted to restrict immigration and supported temperance. 

1932- "social conservatives" 

1948- southerners, republicans.

 

 

Term

Anti-Mason Party

1832-1838

Definition

*Anti-Jackson

-First Third Party

Term

Know Nothing Party

1852-1860

Definition
Nativists afraid of immigrants taking over the country.
Term

Populist Party

1892-1908

Definition

*Poor, southern, white cotton farmers who were anti-elitists.

*fought against banks

Term

Progressive Party

(Bull Moose Party)

1912-1955

Definition

*Created by Teddy Roosevelt

 

Term

Reform Party

1992

Definition

*Ross Perot

*Power to the People

Term

Dred Scott vs. Sanford

1857

Definition

*Chief Justice Robert B. Taney

-first instance of a major federal law being unconstitutional

-relative to MO Compromise

-Scott denied freedom

 

Three Major Issues:

1. Scott was not a US citizen and therefore, was not entitled to sue in a federal court.

2. Scott had not gained freedom by moving into free territory.

3. Concerning the MO Compromise setting at the 36'30' parallel, Congress could not prohibit slavery in the territory and make the prohibition a condition of admission.

 

**Justine Benjamin R. Curtis held that any African American who was a citizen of a US state, was also a citizen of the US.

Term
Election of 1860
Definition

Abraham Lincoln won.

>Republican

>Illinois

>Platform: domestic policy other than slavery

>Running mate: Hannibal Hamilton

 

Democrats had two candidates: 

1. Breckenridge 

2. Douglass

 

Lincoln received no votes from ten southern states.

Douglass was aleinated because he was the first candidate to give campaign speechees.

 

Term
Secession of the Deep South
Definition

First Seven- November 6, 1860-March 4, 1861

1. South Carolina

2. Mississippi

3. Louisiana

4. Texas

5. Georgia

6. Florida

7. Alabama

 

After Ft. Sumter: 

1. Virginia

2. Arkansas

3. North Carolina

4. Tennessee

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