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History Pages 109-114
You are history. Literally.
40
History
Undergraduate 1
10/26/2016

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Term
Byzantium
Definition
Founded by Greek colonists in the 600s BC
Term
New Rome
Definition
The capital of the Roman Empire moved from Rome to Byzantium
Term
395 BC
Definition
The Empire was permanently divided into Eastern and Western portions
Term
Constantinople
Definition
New Rome came to be called this; became capital of the Eastern Empire
Term
Byzantine Empire
Definition
Eastern Empire; Survived the fall of the Western Empire in 476 and endured throughout the Middle Ages
Term
Justinian I
Definition
Became the first great leader of the Byzantine Empire in 527
Term
Belisarius
Definition
waged wars against the barbarians and reestablished the Roman imperium
Term
Cathedral of Hagia Sophia(Holy Wisdom)
Definition
Most magnificent church building of the early Middle Ages and the greatest achievement of Byzantine architecture
Term
Christendom
Definition
The portion of the world in which Christianity was the dominant religion
Term
Justinian's greatest personal achievement
Definition
Codification of existing Roman law which he combined with biblical principles--the Justininan Code
Term
Empress Theodora
Definition
Justinian's lovely, intelligent wife; most important and famous woman in Byzantine history
Term
Lombards and Normans
Definition
Attacked the empire from the west
Term
Avars, Bulgars, and Russian Slavs
Definition
invaded the empire from the north
Term
Persians
Definition
harassed the Empire in the east
Term
Emperor Heraclius
Definition
Met the direst threat and defeating the Avars and Persians
Term
themes
Definition
Military provinces
Term
Islam
Definition
The new menace to Byzantium from the Arabian Peninsula
Term
Greek fire
Definition
A Byzantium invention similar to a flamethrower
Term
Leo III
Definition
saved Constantinople during the second siege
Term
Iconoclastic Controversy
Definition
Began under Leo III's rule
Term
icon
Definition
an abstract, simplified image of Christ, Mary, or one of the saints
Term
Basil I
Definition
led a restoration of Byzantium's power and drove back the Muslims
Term
Basil II
Definition
During his time, the Byzantine Empire was at its greatest height since Justinian the Great
Term
Seljuk Turks
Definition
took much of the Middle East from the Arabs, accepted Islam, and became extremely fanatical
Term
1071 AD
Definition
the Seljuk Turks won a major victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert
Term
Alexius Comnenus
Definition
Appealed to the Roman Church and the people of Western Europe to drive out the "infidels"
Term
crusades
Definition
wars trying to take back the Holy Land from the Muslims and defend an ally of Christendom
Term
Fourth Crusade in 1204
Definition
Sailors sacked the city of Constantinople
Term
Ottomans
Definition
A group of Turks that had conquered the rest of the Byzantine lands by 1453
Term
Constantine XI
Definition
The last Byzantine emperor
Term
Mohammed II
Definition
called the "Conqueror"
Term
May 29, 1453
Definition
the date of the fall of the Byzantine empire that had come to an end after a thousand years
Term
Eastern Orthodox church
Definition
developed after the split of the Roman Empire
Term
1054
Definition
The Eastern and Western churches split
Term
Greek Liturgy
Definition
A public worship service of superstition, symbolism, and pageantry
Term
Cyril
Definition
Apostle to the Slavs
Term
Methodius
Definition
brother to Cyril and carried Eastern Orthodoxy to the Bulgars, Moravians, and Slavs in the 9th century
Term
Cyrillic alphabet
Definition
Slavic script based on the Greek alphabet invented by Cyril which became the foundation for the Russian and Slavic alphabets
Term
The Byzantine church's greatest contribution to civilization
Definition
preservation of the Greek New Testament
Term
The Byzantine Text
Definition
Became the basis of Erasmus' 1516 edition of the Greek New Testament and future Protestant translations
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