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History of civ test 1
chapters 1-3 review
58
History
Undergraduate 1
09/10/2016

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Term
Early Dynastic age
Definition
Begins recorded Sumerian history

When Sumerian's reached 1st high point of cultural development as group of independent city-states
Term
Saigon of Akkad
Definition
Semitic warrior king who, by conquest, united Sumerian city-states

History's 2nd great empire builder
Term
Old Arcadian Period
Definition
When a different & written language supplanted Sumerian as spoken language
Term
2100 BC
Definition
Start of 3rd dynasty of Ur with Ur-Nammu as King

Golden age of Ur
Term
culture
Definition
way of life of group of people
Term
civilization
Definition

when culture includes:

mastery of food supply,

specialized division of labor,

written language,

organized form of civil government,

& development of arts and sciences

Term
education
Definition
process of transmitting cultural heritage of people from 1 generation to next
Term
2000 BC
Definition
when Abraham left Ur
Height of Sumerian civilization
Epic of Gilgamesh written
Sumer conquered (by Amorites & Elamites)
Term
4000 BC
Definition
Creation

beginning of recorded history
Term
2300 BC
Definition
Flood

rise of Sumerian civilization
Term
1500 BC
Definition
Exodus, 10 Commandments
Term
1015-975 BC
Definition
reign of King Solomon
Term
AD 500
Definition
Fall of Roman Empire

starts Medieval history
Term
AD 1500
Definition
Renaissance/Reformation

starts Modern history
Term
[image]
Definition
(Know this map [pg 9] for test)
Term
4 classes of Sumerian society
Definition
Nobles, commoners, clients, slaves
Term
Epic of Gilgamesh
Definition
oldest lit. work other than Bible
Term
epic
Definition
long poem with dignified form, tells story of a great hero
Term
Hammurabi
Definition
1st noted ruler of Babylon

wrote law code
Term
Enuma Elish
Definition
the Babylonian "Genesis"
Term
(realm of) Gov't and law
Definition
greatest achievement of Old Babylonian Empire
Term
Babylon
Definition
1st empire to rule Middle East after Sumer
Term
Hittites
Definition
conquered Babylon
dominated Asia Minor

1st people-group to use iron extensively
Term
Assyrian Empire
Definition
conquered Hittites
had prophet Jonah
Term
Ninevah

612 BC
Definition
Assyrian Capital

& when it fell
Term
Tiglath-pileser I
Definition
established Assyrian Empire
Term
Neo-Babylonian Empire
Definition
conquered Assyria
known for Hanging Gardens (until recently)
Took Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego captive
Term
Nabopolassar
Definition
1st New-Babylonian king
Term
Nebuchadnezzar
Definition
Nabopolassar's son

took Judah captive
Term
Persia
Definition
defeated Neo-Babylon

teamed up with the Medes, before turning on & conquering them
Term
Cyrus (the Great)
Definition
1st Persian King

God, thru Isaiah, called him "My shepherd" and "My anointed"
Term
Darius I
Definition
2nd Persian ruler

established world's 1st postal service

1 of 2 kings under which Persia reached greatest extent
Term
Xerses I
Definition
3rd Persian ruler
called Ahasuerus

husband of Queen Esther

1 of 2 kings under which Persia reached greatest extent
Term
Artaxerses I
Definition
last noted Persian ruler

had Nehemiah as cupbearer
Term
Zoroastrianism
Definition
false, pagan religion of Persian kings
Term
Israel
Definition
God's promised land to Jews

sometimes called Canaan or Palestine
Term
Judaism, Islam, Christianity
Definition
the 3 monotheistic religions

view Promised Land as Holy
Term
patriarchs

in order: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, (12 sons)
Definition
founding fathers of nation of Israel
Term
covenant
Definition
solemn agreement
Term
10 Commandments
Definition
also called Decalogue
Term
alphabet
Definition
phonetic writing system in which letters represent sounds
Term
Sinai script
Definition
1st true alphabet
Term
literacy
Definition
ability to read & write one's own language
Term
1000 BC
Definition
when Israel was greatest nation in world
Term
721 BC
Definition
When Israel (Northern Kingdom) fell to Assyria
Term
586 BC
Definition
When Judah (Southern Kingdom) fell to Babylon
Term
AD 70
Definition
date of Jerusalem's destruction
Term
Talmud
Definition
Jewish laws and traditions
Term
Biblical, Rabbinic, & Modern Hebrew
Definition
3 stages of Hebrew language development
Term
Byzantine Empire
Definition
controlled Middle East for >1000 years

capital is Constantinople
Term
Byzantium
Definition
another name for Constantinople




(capital of empire by same-ish name)
Term
Mecca
Definition
Where Mohammed lived and had to flee from
Term
hegira
Definition
"flight"

when Mohammed & followers had to flee his hometown
Term
caliphs
Definition
Mohammed's successors
Term
H. Martin
Definition
1st missionary to Muslims
Term
I. Falconer
Definition
1st modern missionary to Muslims
Term
S. Zwemmer
Definition
"Apostle to Islam"
Term
Classic (literary) & colloquial
Definition
2 varieties of Arabic language
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