Term
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Definition
| Techincally refers to the area surrounding the French Forts of Quebec, Tadoussac, Trois-Rivieres |
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Term
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Definition
| A fort right on the St lawrence |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Jesuit Relations? |
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Definition
| A Jesuit Document, there are multiple volumes, in which they collected the letters that the various missionaries sent out; it was a way of compiling them. So its not history its individual missionaries sending in their repots, explaining what they have done, what they have seen, their observations, etc. They were letters sent to headquarters in Europe. |
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Term
| Why is the Jesuit Relations important? |
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Definition
| It is a primary source so it helps us understand the views back then and helps us understand the attitudes that the Jesuit People had when they were coming to Canada. |
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Term
| Who were the coureurs de bois? |
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Definition
| Tasked with understanding the First Nations languages and were supposed to travel with them. They were explorers gathering information about the land, people, and assessing the potential income from the area they were exploring. They were then supposed to pass this knowledge on to their superiors, owners of the fur trading companies. They came to love the first nations life, thus able to do what they wanted with the First Nations and made the French Fur Traders very angry. |
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Term
| What were the coureurs de bois also known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of newcomers discouraged settlement in Canada because they did not require a lot of personnel and, in general, did not want a lot of people to come and move to this area because they wanted to promote the runners in the woods, which in turn make settlement not seem as a priority? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was Etienne Bruele? What did he do? |
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Definition
| A runner of the woods. He abondened the french and helped the english attack the Quebec post he was supposed to be serving. Thus. he was considered a traitor and also was though to be a traitor among the Huron that he worked with and was killed in approximately 1633. |
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Term
| Who is Pierre-Espirit Radisson and what did he do? |
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Definition
| A runner of the woods. He came to Canada as a boy and was adopted by a Mohawk family and raised in that family. He ends up rejecting the French and marries the daughter of John Kirk (an Englishman's daughter). |
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Term
| What is Pierre-Espirit Radisson notable for? |
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Definition
1. He is one of the individuals known for founding Hudson's Bay company
2. One of the few runners of the woods that left written letters of his experiences. Many of the stories he wrote, however, turned out to be complete fiction. |
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Term
| Why did the Runners of the Woods often, most of the time, have a terrible Reputation by the French and the First Nations? |
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Definition
1. They would take advantage of women sexually; thus, considered immoral.
2. French Politicians viewed them as potentially taitor-less.
3. European Clergy said they were immoral by passing on immoral ways to the First Nations peoples |
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Term
| What the the French do in response to the bad actions of the Runners of the Woods? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were the three different types of newcomers to Canada? |
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Definition
Fur Traders
Settlers in Acadia
Missionaries |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| When was Trois-Riverieres founded? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was tadoussac founded? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Nova Scotia (including Cape Breton) and New Brunswick. |
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Term
| Who were the Kirke Brothers? |
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Definition
| David Kirk and his four brothers |
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Term
| What did the Kirk brothers do? |
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Definition
| They formed the company of adventures to Canada in 1627. The all came over to Canada and were annoying. In 1629 they were effective in removing many of the French Settlers in Quebec and tadoosac. They were also able to remove Champlain from Quebec for a while..however in 1632 the treaty of St Germain and Lay was signed which gave all these areas back to France. |
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Term
| What was the Kirk Brothers objective and who gave them authority? |
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Definition
| They were given authority by King Charles, the first King of England, and he gave them authority in 1629 to eliminate the French in Canada. |
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Term
| What year was the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye signed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye? |
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Definition
| This Treaty gave Quebec and Tadoosac back to France after the Kirk Brother won these colonies. |
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Term
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Definition
| In southwest of Nova Scotia |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of Port Royal? |
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Definition
| This port was competeing with other settlements and a number of french families were competing to be the most powerful in the region. |
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Term
| Who headed Port Royal and when did he? |
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Definition
| Charles d' Aulnay and in 1635 |
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Term
| Who was Charles d' Aulnay and what did he do? |
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Definition
| He headed Port Royal in 1635, attacked Cape Sable (run by Charles D'latour) in 1641 and took control over it. Then in 1645 he attacked another one Charles settlements and took control over it. However, he was drowned in 1650 and Port Royal was taken over by Creditory. |
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Term
| Who was Charles D'latour? |
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Definition
| He was a member of a French family in Acadia that was competing to be the most powerful. He had a settlement on Cape Sable by Port Royal on the edge of the Ocean. Cape Sable was attacked and taken over by Charles D'Aulnay..another man/family that was competeing to be the most powerful. |
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Term
| What was port royal focused on for there income? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were the two earliest religious missionaries to be sent to Acadia? Who did they primarly work with? |
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Definition
| Two Fransiscan orders called Recollects and Capuchin. One is reformed and one is a subset. The worked with the Micmac and Maliseat first nations. |
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Term
| When did the Jesuits arrive? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why were the Jesuits the only ones aloud to work in New France after the Fransicans were ordered to leave? |
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Definition
| Because of the Mishmash of relgion in New France. |
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Term
| Who do the Jesuits tend to be associated with? |
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Definition
| The Huron in Souther Ontario. |
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Term
| Where was the Jesuits Head Quarters and what happened to it? |
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Definition
| Saint-Marie was their head quarters in what is today Midland Ontario, it was destroyed later because of a conflic with the Huron and Iroquois. |
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Term
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Definition
| A famous village that the Jesuits set up. The purpose was the try to convince the First Nations to move there and settle so they could learn and adopt European style, agriculture, and settlement. It was located near todays Quebec City. |
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Term
| Why wasn't sillery very succesful? |
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Definition
| Because it was subject to academics and many died due to measles in the 70's. |
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Term
| Who was Jean De Brebeuf? When did he live and what did he do? |
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Definition
| His life was 1593-1649, joined the Jesuit Order in 1617 and in 1625 he arrived in Canada. In 1643 he wrote the Huron Carol and he and other Jesuit fathers worked among the Hurons who were in conflict with their neighbors and as a result were executed by the Hurons and Iroguois. |
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Term
| Who is Marie de l'incarnation, what did she do, and what years did she live? |
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Definition
| 1599-1671 - She wrote he son constantly and became a very important primary source because of it. There were 1300 letters. She was married in 1616, widowed in 1618, joined the Ursulines in 1631, and in 1639 arrives in Quebec City, and in 1642 began school for girls. |
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Term
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Definition
| They were founded by Angela Merici in Italy, and were devoted to teaching girls. They took vows of Chastityand initially taught in their owns homes. The Catholic church demanded that it be be performed within institutions owned and controlled directly by the Church. The church let them have this order because they believed that girls must be educated in the Catholic Faith so they would not become protestants. |
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Term
| Why did the female orders, particularly Ursulines, go to New France? |
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Definition
| They were inspired by the Jesuits and wanted to be a part of the missionary work. |
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Term
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Definition
| He wanted to train first nation boys to become priests, Jesuits took charge of schools for boys. |
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Term
| Who is Jeanne Mance, when did he live, and what did he do? |
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Definition
| He was a Nurse during the 30 years war and in 1639 he heard of Marie de l'incarnation and decided to go to New France. He arrived in 1641 and in 1645 begins construction of the 1st hospital in Montreal (Ville Marie). |
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Term
| True or False: Women experienced more freedom in New France |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is Margaret Bourgeoys, when did she live, and what did she do? |
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Definition
| She began a school in Montreal (ville marie), and in 1670 found sister of the congregation of Notre Dame, it was a secular school. They refused to be cloistered, women in order had been cloistered in France, but in New France they were able, in this era, to not be cloistered. She lived from 1620 to 1700 |
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Term
| What happened between 1640 - 1650 with the First Nations? |
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Definition
| There was the Huron-Five Nations Wars |
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Term
| Describe the five nations war: |
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Definition
| Five Nations would attack Huron while they were travelling for trade, and in 1648 the five nations attacked the village of huronia where about 5000 hurons died. These two groups were competiors in the Fur Trade. The huron that surived were absorbed by other First Nation groups. There was a population decline and the Huron. |
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Term
| How did the five nations wars affect the French? |
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Definition
| The Huron, who had been defeated, were the principle trade reliance of the French. |
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