Term
|
Definition
| 1189---- King of England ----- first of the House of Plantagenet to rule England ---- marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine giving him control of Aquitaine and Gascony---- most powerful vassal in France. |
|
|
Term
| William I (the Conqueror) |
|
Definition
1066
Led army of Normans to victory over Anglo-Saxon forces at Battle of Hastings and suppressed subsequent English revolts (Norman Conquest).
His reign also saw changes to English law, a programme of building and fortification, changes to the vocabulary of the English language, and the introduction of continental European feudalism into England. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Duchy of Normandy, which they formed by treaty with the French crown, was one of the great large fiefs of medieval France. |
|
|
Term
| Medieval Agricultural Revolution |
|
Definition
| invention of the plow, using horses, crop rotation ( three field system). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1122
Agreement between Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V near the city of Worms.
It brought an end to the first phase of the power struggle between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Emperors. The King was recognized as having the right to invest bishops with secular authority ("by the lance") in the territories they governed, but not with sacred authority ("by ring and staff") |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1084-1105
King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor. His reign was marked by the Investiture Controversy with the Papacy and several civil wars with pretenders to his throne in Italy and Germany. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 11th century ----dispute between Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Pope Gregory VII ---control appointments of church officials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proclaims the legitimacy and supremacy of the Pope over all other bishops of the Catholic Church. --- All bishops are direct successors of the apostles and st. Peter was the the first bishop of Rome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| September 23, 1122---- agreement between Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V. ----The King was recognized as having the right to invest bishops with secular authority in the territories they governed, but not with sacred authority |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pope April 22, 1073. ----------Investiture Controversy------------ college of cardinals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1087----- invaded England---- leading Normans to victory over Anglo-Saxon forces (Battle of Hastings)---- suppressed subsequent English revolts (Norman Conquest) -----changes to English law ------feudalism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1095 -----triggered the First Crusade. ----Urban spoke for the first time about the problems in the east, as he declared bellum sacrum against the Muslims who had occupied the Holy Land and were attacking the Eastern Roman Empire. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1071----- fought between the Byzantine Empire and Seljuq forces ------ one of the most decisive defeats of the Byzantine Empire ----- played an important role in breaking the Byzantine resistance and preparing the way for Turkish settlement in Anatolia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1099 ---- Christian kingdom established after the First Crusade. ----- city where crusaders journeyed to and took over killing muslims and anyone who wasnt christian. |
|
|
Term
| Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine |
|
Definition
| 1180- ----participated in the unsuccessful Second Crusade. -----son, Richard the Lionheart, who soon released his mother. ---- acted as a regent for her son while he went off on the Third Crusade. |
|
|
Term
| Richard I (Richard the Lionheart) |
|
Definition
| 1189-----King of England ----- Christian commander during the Third Crusade---- scoring considerable victories against Saladin. |
|
|
Term
| Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine |
|
Definition
| 1180- ----participated in the unsuccessful Second Crusade. -----son, Richard the Lionheart, who soon released his mother. ---- acted as a regent for her son while he went off on the Third Crusade. |
|
|
Term
| Richard I (Richard the Lionheart) |
|
Definition
| 1189-----King of England ----- Christian commander during the Third Crusade---- scoring considerable victories against Saladin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1180 ---- King of France---- reign was dominated by feudal struggles ---- saw the beginning of the long feud between France and England. ---- disastrous Second Crusade. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1190--- King of Germany ----- Holy Roman Emperor ---- successful in his crusade to the Holy Land against Saladin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1130--- French abbot ---- primary builder of the reforming Cistercian monastic order. ---- fought against heresy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eighth and ninth centuries ---- period of intellectual and cultural revival during the reigns of the Carolingian rulers Charlemagne and Louis the Pious.---- increase of literature, writing, the arts, architecture, jurisprudence, liturgical and scriptural studies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1198-1216 ---- pope ---- defined the power of the papacy ---- decreed the Fourth Crusade of 1198 --- crusade was finally organized in Champagne. --- insisted that no Christian cities be attacked---- vigorous opponent of heresy, and undertook campaigns against it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| early 13th century --- Catholic religious order--- founded by Saint Dominic --- includes the friars,[1] the nuns, the sisters, and lay persons affiliated with the Order --- famed for its intellectual tradition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| members of Catholic religious orders ---- stressed helping the poor and trying to convert the Muslims instead of killing them. --- believed in direct individual communion with God. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
commuting labor service into cash payment (peasantry).
allowed a knight to "buy out" of the military service |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mid 13th- King of France ----established the Parliament of Paris. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1285-1314 --- responsible for the persecution and the dissolution of the Templars--- so powerful that he named popes and emporers |
|
|
Term
| Great Schism (Papal Schism) |
|
Definition
| 1378 to 1417.--- split within the Roman Catholic Church --- three men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope--- ended by the Council of Constance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 14th and 15th century --- reform movement in the Roman Catholic Church --- held that final authority in spiritual matters resided with the Roman Church not with the pope----response to the Avignon papacy--- victor in the conflict was the institution of the Papacy, confirmed by the condemnation of conciliarism at the Fifth Lateran Council, 1512-17. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1337 to 1453 --- between two royal houses for the French throne--- House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet----The House of Valois claimed the title of King of France, while the Plantagenets from England claimed to be Kings of France and England. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1414 to 1418---- resolved the Western Schism ---- Jan Hus was condemned and executed during the council ---- promoted the authority of councils over the authority of the pope, but in the end the pope's authority was re-affirmed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subdivision that dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire----But the Ottoman Empire came into its own when Mehmed II captured the Byzantine Empire's capital, Constantinople in 1453. The Ottoman Empire would come to rule much of the Balkans, the Fertile Crescent, and even Egypt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 14th to the 17th century ---- a cultural movement that spanned beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appealing to universal human qualities, particularly rationality. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1517 --- reform movement began with Martin Luther --- attempt to reform the Catholic Church. --- false doctrines, malpractices within the Church, teaching and sale of indulgences, buying and selling church positions (simony) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theological doctrine that attempts to describe the nature of the Christian Eucharist in concrete metaphysical terms. It holds that during the sacrament the fundamental "substance" of the body and blood of Christ are present alongside the substance of the bread and wine, which remain present. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 15th century ---- prominent European royal house--- Kingdom of England in the due to a claim through the Wars of the Roses. ---- as well as asserting full authority over the Kingdom of Ireland; they also held a titular claim to the Kingdom of France. ---- In total, five or six Tudor monarchs ruled their domains from 1485 until 1603. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1588--- the unsuccessful Spanish fleet that sailed against England ---- The fleet set out with 22 warships of the Spanish Royal Navy and 108 converted merchant vessels, with the intention of sailing through the English Channel to anchor off the coast of Flanders---- largest engagement of the undeclared Anglo–Spanish War (1585–1604). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1452 and 1740 ---- best known as supplying all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between, as well as rulers of Spain and Austria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1519 --- ruler of the Holy Roman Empire in which the sun never sets, spanned almost 4 million square kilometers. pinnacle of Habsburg power ----- Charles is best known for his role in the Protestant Reformation[1] and the convocation of the Council of Trent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1556 until 1598 ---- King of Spain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1545- 1563 ----- issued condemnations on what it defined as Protestant heresies and defined Church teachings in the areas of Scripture and Tradition, Original Sin, Justification, Sacraments, the Eucharist in Holy Mass and the veneration of saints. It issued numerous reform decrees. [3] By specifying Catholic doctrine on salvation, the sacraments, and the Biblical canon, the Council was answering Protestant disputes. |
|
|
