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| Recitations, foundation of Islamic life, centerpiece of muslim life. Has 114 suras (chapters) with various numbers of verses (ayat) |
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| people of the book. Jews, Christians, Zoroastrians |
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| an angel, Jibril. In 610, Muhammad began to receive revelations from God through the Angel Gabriel. |
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| disagreements over which copy of Quran was the original one lead Uthman to order one consonantal text in 650; one official copy of the Quran and burn all other texts. All of the copies in the world are ‘Uthmanic. |
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| knowledge comes from God (vs. speculation). People need to follow ‘ilm and not their own speculation. Tradition has not weight, only knowledge does. |
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