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History Midterm
American History II
50
History
Undergraduate 1
03/22/2010

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Ten Percent Plan

Definition
Put forward in 1863, it was President Abraham Lincoln’s proposal for an “easy” peace with the Southern States once the Civil War was done.
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Wade-Davis Bill

Definition
Put forward in 1864, it was the Radical Republicans proposal for a “hard” peace with the Southern States once the Civil War was done.
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Andrew Johnson

Definition
(1808-1875 CE) The 17th President of the United States (1865-1869) who was impeached on charges brought by Congressional Radical Republicans but acquitted by one vote in 1868.
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Compromise of 1877

Definition
The deal which resolved the disputed U.S. Presidential election of 1876 by giving the Presidency to the Republicans in exchange for the withdrawal of all Federal troops from the Southern States, effectively ending Reconstruction.
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Jim Crow Laws

Definition
Developed after the Civil War, they created the systematic practice of discriminating against and suppressing African-Americans.
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Booker T. Washington

Definition
(1856-1915 CE) The African-American Educator who founded Tuskegee Institute in 1881, advocating vocational education and economic opportunity as the best path to equality for the whole of the African-American people.
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W.E.B. DuBois

Definition
(1868-1963 CE) The African-American Educator who founded the NAACP and advocated the pursuit of civil rights as the best path to equality for African-Americans, particularly the elite which he called “the talented tenth.”
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Sitting Bull

Definition
(c. 1834-1890 CE) The Lakota Shaman who helped lead his people to victory against the United States 7th Cavalry at the Battle of Little Big Horn in 1876.
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Crazy Horse

Definition
(c. 1849-1877 CE) The Lakota War Chief who helped lead his people to victory against the United States 7th Cavalry at the Battle of Little Big Horn in 1876.
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George Custer

Definition
(1839-1876 CE)  The United States Army officer whose recklessness and dereliction of duty led to the defeat and annihilation of his troops by the Lakota at the Battle of Little Big Horn.
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Battle of Little Big Horn

Definition
(1876 CE) The battle which resulted in the massacre of the 7th US Cavalry commanded by George Custer by Lakota warriors.
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Chief Joseph

Definition
(c. 1840-1904 CE)  The Nez Perce leader who conducted a  brilliant but unsuccessful retreat from the US Army in 1877 CE.
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Geronimo

 

Definition
(1829-1909 CE) The Apache leader who led an extended guerilla war against both the United States and Mexico from 1876 to 1886.
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Battle of Wounded Knee

Definition
(1890 CE) The battle which resulted in the massacre of approximately 200 Lakota men, women and children by the US 7th Cavalry.
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Civil Rights Cases

Definition
(1883 CE) The United States Supreme Court case which held that Congress had no jurisdiction over discrimination by private individuals and/or private organizations, thus declaring the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional.
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Plessy v. Ferguson

Definition
(1896 CE) The United States Supreme Court case which upheld the doctrine of separate but equal as the justification for segregation of the races.
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Grange

Definition
Founded in 1867 CE, it was an association of American farmers which advanced their economic and political interests in competition with big business.
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Populism

Definition
Beginning in the nineteenth century CE, a political philosophy supporting the rights and power of the people in their struggle against the elites of society.
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John D. Rockefeller

Definition
(1839-1937 CE) The American businessman who amassed great wealth and power with the creation of the Standard Oil  trust.
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Andrew Carnegie

Definition
(1835-1919 CE) The Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who amassed great wealth and power with the creation of the steel trust.
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J. P. Morgan

Definition
(1837-1913 CE)  The American financier who amassed great wealth and power through the financing of trusts, particularly the consolidation of the U.S. Steel corporation in 1901.
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Wabash, St. Louis, & Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois

Definition
(1886 CE) The United States Supreme Court case which held that only the federal government could regulate interstate commerce and thus states could not regulate rail rates.
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Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad

Definition
(1886 CE) The United States Supreme Court case which held that corporations were “persons” within the meaning of the 14th Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause.
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Alfred Thayer Mahan

Definition
(1840-1914CE) The US Navy Admiral who published The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783 in 1890 CE, giving impetus to American expansionism.
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Robert M. LaFollette

Definition
(1855-1925 CE) The American politician, Governor and U.S. Senator from Wisconsin who was the foremost leader of the Progressive Movement.
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Progressivism

Definition
The political movement in the United States beginning in the late nineteenth century CE which advocated reforms in child labor, workers’ rights, women’s rights, temperance, and the control of trusts.
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William Randolph Hearst

Definition
(1863-1951 CE) The American  newspaper and magazine publisher who created the world’s largest publishing empire  and whose sensationalist reporting led to the Spanish-American War.
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Rough Riders

Definition
The name giving the United States Army Volunteer Cavalry led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War.
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Open Door Policy

Definition
The position of the United States, beginning in the nineteenth century CE, calling for free trade for all nations in China.
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SS Titanic

Definition
The British Oceanliner which was advertised as unsinkable, yet struck an iceberg on its maiden voyage in 1912 CE, going down in the North Atlantic with the loss of 1517 lives.
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Woodrow Wilson

Definition
(1856-1924 CE) The 28th President of the United States who led America into World War I and won the 1919 Nobel Peace Prize for his attempts to create a lasting peace after that conflict.
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Pancho Villa

Definition
(c. 1877-1923 CE) The Mexican bandit and revolutionary whose raids into the United States led to an American invasion of Mexico.
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Triple Entente

Definition
The pre-World War I alliance of Britain, France and Russia.
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Triple Alliance

Definition
The pre-World War I alliance of Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Italy.
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Schlieffen Plan

Definition
The pre-World War I German plan for winning a two-front war by concentrating its forces against France first, and then moving against Russia next.
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Lafayette Escadrille

Definition
The name of the unit composed of American fighter pilots flying for France in World War I prior to American entry into the war.
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McMahon-Hussein Correspondence

Definition
(1915-1916 CE) Letters in which Britain promised to support the creation of an Arab kingdom encompassing all Arab lands, including Palestine, after World War I if the Arabs revolted against Britain’s enemy, the Ottoman Empire.
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Sykes-Picot Agreement

Definition
(1916 CE) The secret agreement between Britain and France dividing up the Middle East between them after World War I, without regard to the desires of the Arab and Jewish peoples
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Balfour Declaration

Definition
(1917 CE) The document in which Britain promised to support the creation of a Jewish homeland in  Palestine after World War I.
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SS Lusitania

Definition
The British Oceanliner which was sunk in 1915 by a German submarine, killing 128 American passengers, contributing to the entry of the United States into World War I.
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Zimmermann Telegram

Definition
A communication from the German Foreign Minister to the Mexican government, intercepted and released to the press by British intelligence, offering an alliance and German forces to aid in invading America should the United States enter World War I.
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John Pershing

Definition
(1860-1948 CE) The American General who commanded the American Expeditionary Force in Europe during World War I.
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  Alvin York

Definition
(1887-1964 CE) The United States Army Sergeant who was America’s foremost hero in World War I, renowned for his single-handed overrunning of German lines.
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Eddie Rickenbacker

Definition
(1890-1973 CE) The race car driver who became America’s foremost fighter pilot in World War I.
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Definition
(1918 CE) The agreement between Imperial Germany and the Soviet Union ending World War I on the eastern front, allowing the Germans to concentrate all their forces in a western offensive.
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Battle of Belleau Wood

Definition
(1918 CE) The battle in which US Marines made a stand against the Germans, losing nearly 7800 men but also stalling the last German offensive of World War I.
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Battle of Saint Mihiel

Definition
(1918 CE) The battle which constituted the first distinctly American offensive in World War I and included the war’s largest aerial assault employing 1481 airplanes.
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Fourteen Points

Definition
US President Woodrow Wilson’s plan for a lasting, just peace after World War I, which was ultimately rejected by the victorious allies.
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Henry Cabot Lodge

Definition
(1850-1924 CE) The United States Senator who led the successful opposition to the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles and American entry into the League of Nations.
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League of Nations

Definition
The post-World War I collective security organization, proposed by US President Woodrow Wilson, which ultimately failed in its mission of securing world peace.
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