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| during Lincoln's presidency, wanted to send slaves away, however didn't happen because we needed them to work for us |
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| Freedman's Aid Association |
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| free black organization that bought land to lease to ex-slaves |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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Definition
| symbolically very important, freed slaves in the Confederate states, wasn't relevant |
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| helped slaves make the transition to being free, main goal to help re-settle land in the south, 40-acre plots, became a situation where blacks could finally own land |
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| Lincoln pardoned everyone who participated in the rebellion against the union |
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| head of the Freedman's Bureau, Howard University named after him |
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| Reunification of northern and southern business interests |
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| Only those who proved they have never supported the confederacy were allowed to get their land back |
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| started good, but was another form of slavery,with all of the blacks costs and supplies, they ended up in debt each year, also called tenant farming |
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| legally restricted blacks' legal and social rights, made it hard to come back into the union, precursor to jim crow laws |
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| stated anyone born in the United States is a citizen, acknowledged black rights, south rejected it |
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Republicans argue that blacks needed votes and political representation to protect themselves from this type of racial violence
This violence was because the lack of political power from the blacks |
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| Congressional Elections of 1866 |
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Definition
| After these elections the republicans were able to push forward an agenda that promoted black political rights and the power of the Republican party |
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| Southern states had to acknowledge blacks' rights in order to get back into the union |
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Ku Klux Clan was portrayed as being a heroic organization to save the south from blacks becoming involved politically
Reflected popular opinion in America about Reconstruction governments |
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| gave black men the right to vote, new era high point of political activity for blacks |
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| was set up to counteract the participation of African Americans in the south |
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| president of the confederacy-own slave, Benjamin Montgomery, bought his plantation |
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| owned railroad, son inherited 100 million |
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| Controlled workers, railroads, very dominated, cut wages 10% |
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Millions lost jobs, those working had wage cuts up to 50%
people got mad
fires
destroyed railroads, no such thing as minimum wage, got immigrants to work for less |
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| "Battle of the Little Big Horn" |
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| troops led by General Custer were annihilated by the Indians |
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| did away with separate tribes and tried to make them citizens and invoke Christianity |
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| women's suffrage movement trying to gain the right for white women to vote |
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| gave all women the right to vote |
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| treaty that the Indians would get the plains territories, but Americans decided they wouldn't follow it because the gold rush |
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| ended Indians' resistance |
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| claimed he was Jesus, inverting America's culture to benefit the Indians, source of hope |
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| height of American industrialization in 1800s |
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| urged government to manipulate the economy to benefit small farmers, wanted to add silver to gold to make more money-positive inflation |
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| farmers are the cornerstone of America |
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| William McKinley's presidency |
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Definition
expansion of U.S. interests into Cuba and the Philippine
granted access to raw materials there
motivated by "White Man's Burden" |
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Definition
| white people had philosophical duty to go to non-white nation's and bring civilization |
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| Teddy Roosevelt's presidency |
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Definition
charismatic war hero (spanish-american)
led the rough-riders
champion of industrial development
Critic of Big Business’ lack of Social Responsibility |
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Definition
sought to regain political power for the people
citizen's rights to:
recall judges
initiative
referendum |
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| citizens have the right to directly elect U.S. senators |
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Definition
| called for federal income tax, designed to tax big wealthy businesses to redistribute the power |
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Term
| Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act |
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Definition
| sought to improve the quality of meat and drugs, various meat regulations companies had to undergo, meant to help small businesses, but actually made them go out of business and only big businesses remained |
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| dubious claim to fame, most overweight, conservative, wanted to be chief justice, |
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| professor, president of Princeton, governor, conservative, critic of labor unions, for big businesses, after he became president he flip-flopped for blacks and that was very bad |
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| lowered import tax, farm loan act, Adamson act- set up 8 hr days instead of 11 or 12 |
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Definition
Zimmerman was the chief foreign minister urging Mexico to join Germany to fight the U.S.
If they agreed, Mexico would get land back that was taken away from them, California, Arizona
Prompted U.S. to view Germany as hostile combatant |
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| A world totally free of any closed markets coordinated or controlled by the U.S. |
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| the women rebel, Pioneer in the whole notion of birth control and contraception |
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| one of the major components of jazz |
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| Reflects a widespread instance of racial violence in the U.S. |
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| Came up with an idea that literally captured interest not only in the U.S. but in Africa and the Caribbean that said the people of African descent should be primarily concerned with re-rehabilitating Africa |
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| efficiency age, Famous for conducting time and motion studies, an efficiency expert, making workers more efficient, lead to the idea of the assembly line |
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| put the stuff into action, the assembly line to produce cars a lot faster |
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| administrator of giving food to soldiers |
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Term
| Seattle general strike of 1919 |
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Definition
| Literally when all essential workers in a city just go out on strike, for example if firemen, policemen, and other essential workers would create a devastating effect on all locale |
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| the soviet was communist, Workers calling for better pay said there was a linkage between soviet union and what was happening in the U.S., led to the birth of the soviet union |
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Definition
| Believed government should not offer social safety net for individuals |
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Term
| Reconstruction finance corporation |
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Definition
| provided government assistance to corporations |
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Definition
| impossible to enforce, but good intentions |
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| Violating the Volstead Act |
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Definition
| first offense, $500 fine, second $2000 fine and 5 years in jail |
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| Public places “Speakeasies”- night clubs where it was consumed, high-end clientele, 5X more bars than when it was not prohibited |
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| “Shock houses”- working class neighborhoods, would add real alcohol to drinking alcohol, so people were literally shocked to death |
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| Controlled every aspect of the selling of alcoholic beverages, Controlled the stillers, the transportation, and the places that people actually drank the alcohol |
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| when two of the same sort of companies merge together to create a big monopoly |
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| “St. Valentine’s day Massacre” (1929) Dion O’Banion vs. Al Capone |
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Definition
| Two of the most prominent gangs tried to control the alcohol market in Chicago, both paid the cops so they wouldn't get arrested |
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Term
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Definition
| Roosevelt won and immediately after, congress put Apparatus to overturn the 18th amendment into place |
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Term
| What was the 21st amendment? |
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Definition
| appealing the 18th amendment-prohibition |
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Definition
Very much alive and well during this decade
Historical to focus issues at home rather than being concerned with issues abroad
Manifestation: The “Nye” Committee |
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Definition
| Concluded that the U.S. got involved based on munitions makers getting them involved |
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Term
| Neutrality Acts of 1935, 36, 37 |
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Definition
| Claimed we would be neutral in everything going on in Europe |
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| 1st peacetime Conscription Act |
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Definition
| September, putting a draft into place, preparation for getting a draft for the war |
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Term
| FDR’s Broken Campaign Pledge (1940) |
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Definition
| Made a pledge to Americans to do everything possible to keep us out of another war |
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| Limits of the New Deal in fighting poverty |
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Definition
| Many Americans turned to socialism or communism, Soviet Union able to score a lot of ideological brownie points by coming to the U.S. and recruiting American workers, Some American workers went to the Soviet during 1930s because it was peripherally affected by the Great Depression |
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Term
| Townsend old age revolving pension plan |
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Definition
| Sought to help the elderly, o $22.00 a month benefits, Had to sign a pauper’s thing, saying you had no income and begging the state for help, Very demeaning pension plan |
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Term
| Townsend’s “Cure for Depressions” |
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Definition
Everyone over the age 60 would receive $200 monthly pension if:
They agreed to spend full amount every month
Just to enhance the economy
They retired if still employed
Gave other people more job opportunities |
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Definition
Truly committed to helping the poor or unprincipled demagogue?
Public buffoon or astute politician?
Very unconventional political persona
Some thought he was crazy like a fox |
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Term
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Definition
Limiting individual wealth in the U.S.
$4 million cap on personal wealth
Anything over that went into a pool
o Guaranteed annual income of $2,500 and $5,000 homestead
Free Education for qualified students
In terms of grades could get free education including college and professional school
This would call for taxes on the wealthy to sort of pay for the free schooling
30 hour work week
Guaranteed minimum standard of living for all Americans
Likewise, some appalled it (rich people)
And some loved it (not as wealthy people) |
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Definition
| Called for greater taxation on people in the highest income |
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Term
| Father Charles E Coughlin |
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Definition
“The Golden Hour of the little Flower”
Included readings of scripture and commentary, nothing political or controversial
changed during depression and became a national political figure
Coughlin’s status as a priest enhanced his credibility |
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Definition
Nationalization of utility companies
Government controlled how the utility companies run
Increasing the supply of paper money
Which would be used to help farmers to refinance their mortgages
Minimal annual wages for workers
Heavy taxes on the rich
To help to fund the other proposals |
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| Businesses of movies 1920s and 30s |
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Definition
MGM
20th Century Fox
Paramount
Warner Bros
RKO (doesn’t exist anymore) |
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Term
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Definition
Contributed to the power of these 8 companies
Famous actors were tied to the studios and only worked for that company
not around today |
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Term
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Definition
gave people what they wanted, mostly happy stories to get their mind off the depression, sex and violence
first reality-the real world, now reality is just stupid |
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Extremely satirical
Political jokes on daily shows
Marx bros W.C. Fields
Use their comedy to make people laugh as well as make very important comments of the state of American Society
"Duck Soup"Represents the most important instance in film political satire, although came at a bad time because people werent interested in that at this time |
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| Fallen Women genre-prostitutes and mistresses, Mae West-opposite, competed with men, very confident |
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| monitored hollywood and its sexual content in movies |
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monitored every movie and gave it ratings
contributed to substituting violence for sex |
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| pure escapism, pre-cursors to music videos |
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not just kids but adults,fantasy steeped in traditional values, hard-work and self-determination
3-little pigs- metaphor for depression with the wolf |
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| Frank Capra-upbeat and idealistic |
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Will Rogers and the glorification of small town life
hollywood was an escape-people didnt want to face reality |
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| African Americans in movies |
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Definition
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| epitomized every negative black stereotype |
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Definition
Won an Academy award for playing the man in “Gone with the Wind”
Many people in African American community upset that she would assume roles that were overtly stereotypic
She was approached with “why are you doing these types of roles?”
She said when she looks around America, black woman have 2 options, you can be a maid and make 7 dollars a week, or you can play a maid and make 700 dollars a week |
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| African Americans started their own film industry |
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Definition
| didnt want to see blacks portrayed poorly so they made their own movies with good roles |
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pioneer in the movie making industry
movies on escapism
if they were on politics-whites would have ambushed them |
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