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| • Articles of Confederation |
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| (1776) agreement among the 13 founding states that established the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first constitution |
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| (1787) three-fifths of the enumerated population of slaves would be counted for representation purposes |
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| (1790s) the first American political party, from the early 1790s to 1816 |
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| movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the Constitution of 1787 |
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| (1789) first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. These limitations serve to protect the natural rights of liberty and property. limit the government's power in judicial and other proceedings |
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| (1791) It stood in opposition to the Federalist Party, favored states’ rights |
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| (1794) tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791. Farmers were forced to pay a tax |
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| • Alien and Sedition Acts |
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| (1798) four bills passed in 1798 by the Federalists, required that aliens be residents for 14 years instead of 5 years before they became eligible for U.S. citizenship. |
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| • Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions |
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| (1798-1799) political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799, in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. The resolutions argued that the states had the right and the duty to declare unconstitutional any acts of Congress that were not authorized by the Constitution |
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| Vindication of the Rights of Women |
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| (1792), written by the 18th-century British feminist Mary Wollstonecraft, is one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy. |
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| term for an attitude toward women's roles present in the emerging United States before, during, and after the American Revolution |
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| (1789) established the federal judiciary. The bill first set the number of Supreme Court justices and it established lower courts |
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| (1803) the Supreme Court declared that the courts have the power to nullify government acts that conflict with the Constitution. The exercise of judicial review forces the courts to interpret the Constitution" |
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| legislative and executive actions are subject to review (and possible invalidation) by the judiciary |
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| (1803) encompassed all or part of 15 present U.S. states. Purchased dring the presidency of Thomas Jefferson |
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| War of 1812, opposed United States |
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| (1808) Efforts towards unified indigenous movement |
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| someone favoring war in a debate over whether to go to war, or whether to continue or escalate an existing war (vs war dove) |
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| (“The Prophet”) – believes americans are scum that came from the ocean |
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| • Treaty of Horseshoe Bend |
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| (1812-1814) Early displacement of indigenous peoples in South |
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| (1820) regulation of slavery in the western territories. Anti-Slavery vs Pro-Slavery |
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| Judicial impact, more flexible, constitutional laws are up for interpretation |
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| (1823) further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention |
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| political agreement was determined by congressional or presidential actions that many viewed to be corrupt from different standpoints |
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| (1828) Based on personalist politics, Rise of popular participation |
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Term
| • Cherokee Nation v. Georgia |
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| (1831) Cherokee Nation sought a federal injunction against laws passed by the state of Georgia depriving them of rights within its boundaries, |
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| (1830) forced relocation and movement of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830. |
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| (1828) designed to protect industry in the northern from being driven out of business by low-priced imported goods by putting taxes. The South was harmed by having to pay higher prices on goods the region did not produce, and indirectly because reducing the exportation of British goods to the US made it difficult for the British to pay for the cotton they imported from the South.[1] The reaction in the South, particularly in South Carolina, would lead to the Nullification Crisis that began in late 1832 |
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| • Nullification Proclamation |
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| (1832) Made in response to South Carolina's Ordinance of Nullification, |
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| (1810-1830) Protestant revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States |
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| (1800s) drastic change in the manual labor system originating in the South and spreading to the entire world. |
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| (1800s) Canal in NY. Shift in national economy from imported goods to domestically imported goods |
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| Penal system, american activist for the insane |
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| (1800s) protest to the general state of culture and society, |
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| • Oneida, NY/New Harmony IN |
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| American entertainment, emergence of urban culture |
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| • American Colonization Society |
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| support the return of free African Americans to what was considered greater freedom in Africa |
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| • William Lloyd Garrison, Grimke Sisters |
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| (1800s) American abolitionists |
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| (1841) case involving rebellion of Africans on board the Spanish schooner La Amistad in 1839. |
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| • The Confessions of Nat Turner |
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| novel concerns the slave revolt in Virginia in 1831, written by William Styron |
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| United States federal law that eliminated the purchase of public land in the United States on credit. spurs westward migration, immigration |
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| • Great Migration of 1843 |
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| Oregon trail, 700 to 1000 emigrants left for Oregon. They were led initially by John Gantt, |
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| political position of demanding a favored status for certain established inhabitants of a nation |
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| • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
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| (1846-48). peace treaty between the U.S. and Mexico that ended the Mexican–American War |
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| (1848) group opposed slavery in the new territories and sometimes worked to remove existing laws that discriminated against freed African Americans in states such as Ohio |
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| one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party |
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| defused a four-year confrontation between the slave states of the South and the free states of the North regarding the status of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War (1846–1848) |
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| • Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 |
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| declared that all runaway slaves were, upon capture, to be returned to their masters |
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| created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opening new lands for settlement. repealing the Missouri Compromise of 1820 by allowing settlers in those territories to determine through Popular Sovereignty whether they would allow slavery within each territory. |
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| Southern efforts to expand further |
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| series of violent political confrontations involving anti-slavery Free-Staters and pro-slavery "Border Ruffian" elements, that took place in the Kansas Territory and the neighboring towns of Missouri between 1854 and 1861 |
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| (1857) federal government had no power to regulate slavery in the territories, and that people of African descent (both slave and free) were not protected by the Constitution and were not U.S. citizens. |
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| (1864) deportation of the Navajo people. Navajos were forced to walk at gunpoint from their reservation in what is now Arizona to eastern New Mexico. |
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| (1863) battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War |
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| opposed the American Civil War, |
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| U.S. federal government agency that aided distressed freedmen (freed slaves) in 1865–1872[2], during the Reconstruction era |
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| (1866) Laws limiting the civil rights and civil liberties of blacks after the Civil War |
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| • Congressional Reconstruction |
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| Post Civil War. The congressional reconstruction was more radical and called for the punishment of the south. |
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| • Civil Rights Act of 1875 |
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| guaranteed African Americans equal treatment in public accommodations, public transportation, and prohibited exclusion from jury service |
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