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History Final
history final
93
History
9th Grade
05/16/2014

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Cards

Term
Works that poke fun at human weaknesses
Definition
Satires
Term
The study of body structure
Definition
Anatomy
Term
First major Roman road linking Rome to southestern Italy
Definition
Appian Way
Term
Gladiator who led a slave rebellion
Definition
Spartacus
Term
Person who fought animals and other people as public amusement
Definition
Gladiator
Term
Roman builders used rows of arches in their buildings to form a curved celing or ___
Definition
Vault
Term
Many Roman cities surrounded a marketplace and public square, also called the ___
Definition
Forum
Term
This wife of Augustus had a say in Rome's politics even though women did not have full citizenship rights.
Definition
Livia
Term
While this Roman emperor fought battles away from Rome, his wife, Julia Domna, was in charge of political affairs in Rome.
Definition
Septimius
Term
The houses of the wealthy Romans were built around a(n) ___
Definition
Atrium
Term
The fall of Rome began with poor leadership, attacks by invaders, and ____
Definition
A declining economy
Term
As Roman emperor, who moved the empire's capital to Constantinople?
Definition
Constantine
Term
In A.D. 410 this Visigoth leader captured the city of Rome
Definition
Alaric
Term
Rome finally fell when groups of which people invaded from northern Europe?
Definition
Germanic
Term
The Visigoths warred with which other invading tribe?
Definition
Huns
Term
The Byzantine Empire reached the height of its power
Definition
In the A.D. 500s
Term
The new capital of the Roman Empire was Constantinople, which was formerly the city of
Definition
Byzantium
Term
When it was first established, the city of Constantinople
Definition
Resembled other cities in the Roman Empire
Term
When Justinian became emperor, he realized that the empire's laws were
Definition
Disorganized and confusing
Term
The Byzantine military conquered territories once part of the Roman Empire that included
Definition
Italy, Spain, and Northern Africa
Term
Which of the following empires conquered the people of Judah in 63 B.C.?
Definition
Rome
Term
During the time of cruel control by the Romans, what did some Jews hope would happen?
Definition
God would send a deliverer to rescue the Jews from the Romans
Term
One group of Jews called Zealots believed they should
Definition
Fight the Romans for their freedom
Term
Which group of people did the Romans view as a threat to the empire?
Definition
Christians
Term
Which of the following Roman Emperors accepted Christianity in A.D. 312?
Definition
Constantine
Term
Which group is found at the top of the early Christian Church hierarchy?
Definition
Patriarchs
Term
Christians could communicate the message of Jesus because most people in the Roman Empire spoke
Definition
Latin and Greek
Term
The Gospels, which are written accounts of the life and teachings of Jesus, together form part of the
Definition
New Testament
Term
The Byzantines believed that this person, as God's earthly representative, controlled both the Church and the government.
Definition
Emperor
Term
Which was a list of regulations followed in Eastern Orthodox monasteries and convents?
Definition
Basilian Rule
Term
Germanic tribes who invaded much of England later united and became known as
Definition
Anglo-Saxons
Term
After the Franks successfully defended Italy against invaders, the pope crowned this Frankish king emperor in A.D. 800.
Definition
Charlemagne
Term
Considered "the Rock" of the Christian Church because of his strong leadership role
Definition
Peter of Galilee
Term
A famous religious speech that served as a summarization of Jesus's teachings
Definition
Sermon on the Mount
Term
Government officials who carried out Emperor Leo's orders to remove all icons from churches
Definition
Iconoclasts
Term
With help from Paula, a nun, he translated the Christian Bible into Latin
Definition
Jerome
Term
To declare that a person or group is no longer a member of the church
Definition
Excommunicate
Term
What happened after the Jews rebelled against the Romans in A.D. 132
Definition
Jews were banned from Jerusalem
Term
Christian scricpture, of holy writings, states that
Definition
Jesus rose from the dead
Term
Europe's seas and rivers played an important part in Europe's growth because they provided both protection and oppertunities for
Definition
Trading with nearby economies
Term
Which was a Germanic people who settled the area known today as France?
Definition
Franks
Term
Charlemagne was the first Frankish ruler to believe in what for all people?
Definition
Education
Term
Between A.D. 800 and 900, parts of Europe were invaded by Muslims, Magyars, and
Definition
Vikings
Term
In 1073, Pope Gregory VII issued a decree forbidding kings from appointing high-ranking
Definition
Church officials
Term
Center of trade for northern Europe
Definition
Flanders
Term
Warrior in armor who fought on horseback
Definition
Knight
Term
Land granted to a vassal, or knight
Definition
Fief
Term
Italian city that was a major trading center
Definition
Venice
Term
Person who worked the lord's land
Definition
Serf
Term
Under which system did landowning nobles govern and protect people in return for services?
Definition
Feudalism
Term
Two important farming inventions of the Middle Ages that made turning over soil faster were the horse collar and
Definition
The wheeled plow
Term
Medieval knights followed rules called the code of
Definition
Chivalry
Term
Who were the only people in medieval towns who were considered citizens?
Definition
Males
Term
What were apprentices in craft guilds given in return for their work?
Definition
Room and Board
Term
Way of thinking that used reason to explore questions of faith
Definition
Scholasticism
Term
Hatred of Jews
Definition
Anti-Semitism
Term
Local language used by the people of a region
Definition
Vernacular
Term
Religious beliefs that conflict with Church teachings
Definition
Heresy
Term
Study of religion and God
Definition
Theology
Term
A famous, educated, medieval nun who wrote music was
Definition
Hildegard of Bingen
Term
For medieval Christians, the most important holy sacrament was
Definition
Communion
Term
What was the name of the church court that tried and punished people who were suspected of heresy?
Definition
Inquisition
Term
Which part of Gothic cathedrals allowed the buildings to have thinner walls?
Definition
Flying buttresses
Term
Students in the first European universities did not have
Definition
Books
Term
After the Battle of Hastings in 1066, who was crowned king of England?
Definition
William the Conqueror
Term
Under which king was English common law established?
Definition
Henry II
Term
What contributed to the idea that people have rights and that the power of government should be limited?
Definition
Magna Carta
Term
The Grand Duke of Moscow became known as czar, a shortened form of Ceasar, when who came to power?
Definition
Ivan III
Term
In 1095 Pope Urban II called for a crusade, or holy war, against
Definition
The Muslim Turks
Term
Originating in central Asia, the Black Death was carried by
Definition
Fleas
Term
Historians believe that the Black Death spread along which trade route?
Definition
Silk Road
Term
Who helped lead the French army to victory at Orléans?
Definition
Joan of Arc
Term
France fought against which country in the Hundred Years' War?
Definition
England
Term
Jews were ordered to convert to Christianity or leave Spain by
Definition
The Spanish Inquisition
Term
During the Renaissance, there was a rebirth of interest in
Definition
Art and learning
Term
Which of the following cities was most famous during the Renaissance?
Definition
Florence
Term
Which person was an Italian writer who believed that because people were greedy and self-centered, keeping power by any means was the only way to rule?
Definition
Niccolò Machiavelli
Term
What Renaissance invention aided the spread of ideas?
Definition
The printing press
Term
What did Renaissance painters use to make their work look three-dimensional?
Definition
Perspective
Term
Which famous Renaissance artist painted the ceilings of the Sistine Chapel at the Vatican in Rome?
Definition
Michelangelo
Term
Belief that God has already decided who will go to heaven and who will not
Definition
Predestination
Term
The events that lead to Protestantism
Definition
Reformation
Term
The young monk who challenged the Roman Catholic Church, eventually starting a new religion
Definition
Martin Luther
Term
Certificate that granted pardon for sins
Definition
Indulgence
Term
Spread the idea of Protestantism across Northern Europe
Definition
John Calvin
Term
The Peace of Augsburg let Germany be divided into
Definition
A Protestant north and a Catholic south
Term
Wealthy French Protestants who followed the teachings of John Calvin
Definition
Huguenots
Term
Name the war that is considered to be the most destructive conflict of the Reformation era.
Definition
Thirty Years' War
Term
When Spain tried to invade England in 1588, English ships and a storm stopped the
Definition
Spanish Armada
Term
The Edict of Nantes said that
Definition
Catholicism was the official religion of France; however, French Protestants could also worship freely
Term
Which Renaissance figure was an artist, scientist, and inventor?
Definition
Leonardo da Vinci
Term
According to the humanist Desiderius Erasmus, what should people use to become better Christians?
Definition
Reason
Term
The term Machiavellian means that a person is
Definition
Willing to do whatever it takes to succeed
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