Shared Flashcard Set

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History Final
N/A
82
History
10th Grade
12/19/2010

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Cards

Term
What did Castiglione write?
Definition
"The Book of Courtier"
Term
Who painted the Sistine Chapel Ceiling?
Definition
Michaelangelo
Term
Who painted the Pope's private quarters?
Definition
Raphael
Term
Who painted the Mona Lisa?
Definition
Da Vinci
Term
What did Machiavelli write?
Definition
"The Prince"
Term
Who invented the printing press?
Definition
Gutenberg
Term
Erasmus
Definition
Christian Humanist; wrote "The Praise of Folly"
Term
Calvin
Definition
Wrote "institutes of the Christian Religion"; new idea was Predestination
Term
Martin Luther
Definition
Posted 95 Theses; started the Lutheran Church
Term
Who founded the Jesuits?
Definition
Ignatius of Loyola
Term
What was the trading city of Northern Italy?
Definition
Milan
Term
What was the trading city surrounded by water?
Definition
Venice
Term
What was the birthplace of the Renaissance?
Definition
Florence
Term
Secular
Definition
Worldly (themes)
Term
Annul
Definition
Declare invalid (something never officially happened)
Term
Peace of Augsburg
Definition
Decided lord could choose between Catholic and Lutheranism for his lands
Term
Edict of Worms
Definition
Resulted in Martin Luther becoming an outlaw; excommunicated
Term
The Stamp Act started what phrase?
Definition
"No taxation without representation"
Term
The 'shot heard round the world' occured at which battle?
Definition
Battle of Lexington/Concord
Term
July 4, 1776
Definition
Declaration of Independence signed
Term
Locke
Definition
Believed in "life, liberty, and property"
Term
Who composed the "Messiah"?
Definition
Handel
Term
Diderot
Definition
Edited the Encyclopedie
Term
Bach
Definition
Composer and organist
Term
Mozart
Definition
Classical composer; was a child prodigy
Term
Hobbes
Definition
Believed Monarchy was the best form of government
Term
Wesley
Definition
Founded Methodist Church
Term
Bacon
Definition
Came up with the Scientific Method
Term
Boyle
Definition
Boyle's Law-volume of gas depends on pressure
Term
Descartes
Definition
Believed that one should question everything except for one's own existence; "I think therfore I am"
Term
Faction
Definition
A dissenting group; splitting
Term
Nationalism
Definition
Extreme pride for own's country
Term
Coup d'etat
Definition
Sudden overthrow of government
Term
What was the 1st industrialized product?
Definition
Cotton
Term
Which country began the industrial revolution?
Definition
Great Britain
Term
Who were the four main countries of the Congress of Vienna?
Definition
Russia, Prussia, Austria-Hungary, and Great Britain
Term
What was the Congress' main goal?
Definition
To restore old order; put royalty back
Term
Who was the leader of the Congress of Vienna?
Definition
Prince Klemens von Metternich
Term
In which two years did revolutions occur in Europe?
Definition
1830 and 1848
Term
Who gained independence from Dutch in 1830 Revolution?
Definition
Belgium
Term
Which empire is hungary a part of?
Definition
Austrian Empire
Term
What war ended the Concert of Europe?
Definition
The Crimean War
Term
Cavour
Definition
Prime Minister-Northern Italy
Term
Bismarck
Definition
Prime Minister-Prussia (Germany)
Term
Freud
Definition
Created psycho-analysis
Term
James Watt
Definition
Invented the steam engine
Term
Liberalism
Definition
Philosophy based on enlightenment principles
Term
Conservatism
Definition
Based on tradition and social stability
Term
Socialism
Definition
Society/government owns means of production
Term
Plebescite
Definition
Popular vote
Term
Petrarch
Definition
Wrote sonnets about his dead lover Laura
Term
Anabaptists
Definition
Believed that children should not be baptised, only adults
Term
Council of Trent
Definition
Decided what Catholic beliefs were
Term
Kepler
Definition
Discovered two thing about orbits: 1. Elliptical 2. Faster approaching the sun, slower going away
Term
Galileo
Definition
Believed in Heliocentric Universe; had to deny that H.U. is true
Term
Newton
Definition
Wrote "Principia"; had laws dealing with gravitation
Term
Copernicus
Definition
Came up with the idea that the sun was the center of the universe (Heliocentric)
Term
Rousseau
Definition
Believed in Majority rule
Term
Montesquieu
Definition
Believed the best governmental structure should have three branches: Judicial, Legislative, and Executive (separation of power)
Term
Voltaire
Definition
Promoted ideas of "freedom of speech, religion, and press"
Term
Haydn
Definition
Austrian-born classical composer; worked for Hungarian prince
Term
1st Estate
Definition
Consisted of the Clergy (Church officials); 0.5% of population; controlled 10% of the land; didn't pay taxes; Subgroups: Cardinals/Bishops-aristocrats and Priests-lower class
Term
2nd Estate
Definition
Consisted of the Nobility (anyone with a title); 1.5% of population; controlled 25% of the land; didn't pay taxes; some nobles liked the Enlightenment Ideas-most hated the king
Term
3rd Estate
Definition
Made up of everyone else (peasants to rich merchants); 98% of the population; controlled 65% of the land; paid all the taxes; bourgeoisie; wanted change, didn't like being looked down on
Term
Louis XVI
Definition
King of France during beginning of French Revolution; 19 years old
Term
Marie Antoinette
Definition
Queen of France during beginning of French Revolution; 18 years old
Term
July 14, 1789
Definition
French Independence Day
Term
Who forced the king to return to Paris?
Definition
Poor women
Term
Georges Danton and Jean-Paul Marat
Definition
Led the Jacobins
Term
Which naval battle did Napoleon lose?
Definition
Battle of Trafalgar; led by British
Term
Where was Napoleon exiled to?
Definition
The Island of Elba (Mediterranean)and St. Helena
Term
Which battle was Napoleon deafeated at?
Definition
Battle of Waterloo; led by British
Term
Bourgeoisie
Definition
Middle class
Term
Einstein
Definition
"The Special Theory of Relativity"; E=mc2; famous physicist
Term
Van Gogh
Definition
Post impressionist painter; "Starry Night"
Term
Garibaldi
Definition
Nationalist leader; formed red shirts who used guerilla tactics
Term
Victor Emmanuel II
Definition
Unified North Italy; allied with France to defeat Austria
Term
Wilhelm I
Definition
King of Germany; authoritative and militaristic
Term
Alsace and Lorraine
Definition
French Provinces; Germany gained them from France from Franco-Prussian War
Term
Cottage industry
Definition
Products are made in homes
Term
Zwingli
Definition
Led theocracy in Switzerland
Term
Which country did Napoleon invade in 1812?
Definition
Russia
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