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| English Bill of Rights (1689) |
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Definition
limited William and Mary's power.
-no suspending Parliament Laws
-no levying of taxes without a specific grant from the Parliament
-no interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament
-no penalty for a citiizen who petitions the king about grievances |
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| US Declaration of Independence |
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| people had the right "to alter or abolish" unjust governments- a right to revolt. granted american freedom from Britain. |
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1st estate- clergy
2nd estate- nobility
3rd estate- rest of population |
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| had top jobs in government, the army, the courts, and the Church. many nobles lived far from the center of power and hated absolutism and resented the royal bureaucracy. feared losing their traditional privileges, especially their freedom from paying taxes. |
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| owned 10% of land, collected tithes, and paid no direct taxes to the state. |
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| middle class that included the prosperous bankers, merchants, and manufacturers who propped up the French economy. Also included members of royal bureaucracy, as well as lawyers, doctors, journalists, and skilled artisans. |
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| hired Necker as a financial adviser but was forced by 1st and 2nd estates to sack him because they were scared they would lose their power. summoned estates general to meet and locked third estate out of national assembly. |
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| wife of Louis. came under attack for being frivolous and extravagant. accused of immorality. sparked women's march on versailles because of a false rumor. |
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| called to meet by Louis XVI. deadlocked in issue of voting between estates. |
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| Third estate took a daring step and formed the assembly because of the deadlocked estates general. |
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| Declaration of the Rights of Man |
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| the national assembly issued it. The document was modeled after the American Declaration of Independence. it stated that all men remain free and equal in rights. They enjoyed natural rights to liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. all male citizens equal before the law. "liberty, equality, fraternity". |
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| national assembly members found themselves locked out of their meeting place. many delegates believed that the king intended to send them home. They vowed not to disband until they had drawn up a constitution in France. |
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| Storming of the Bastille (1789) |
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| based on rumors that the royal troops were going to occupy the capital, more than 800 parisians assembled outside the Bastille to obtain the weapons and gunpowder believed to be stored there. July 14 = Bastille Day. |
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| Women's March on Versailles |
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| Enraged about the prices of bread, thousands of women walked towards Versailles to directly protest in front of the king and queen for their disrespect. Louis XVI was forced to move to the Tuileries palace. For the next three years, Louis was a virtual prisoner in his own capital. |
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| July 1973-July 1974. Period of time when about 40,000 people died. |
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| executing machine that propelled the reign of terror. |
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| leader of committee of public safety. shrewd lawyer and politician. Selfless dedication to the revolution = "the incorruptible". Enemies called him a tyrant. promoted religious tolerance. he believed that only through the use of terror could france achieve a republic of virtue. |
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| Committee of Public Safety |
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Definition
| to deal with the threats of france, the convention created the committee. The 12-member committee had almost absolute power as it battled to save the revolution. It prepared France for all-out war, ordering all citizens to join the war effort. |
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| National Convention/Republic |
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| radicals took control of the Assembly and called for the election of a new legislative body, the National Convention. suffrage was given to all people. It voted to abolish the monarchy and declare FRance a republic. |
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| (3rd stage of rev) In response to the reign of terror, moderates produced another constitution, the third since 1789. The Constitution of 1795 set up a five-man directory and a two-house legislature elected by male citizens of property. (1795-1799). The directory was weak. |
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| form of nationalism in which the state derives its political legitimacy as a consequence of the unity of those it governs. |
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| A 3-man board formed by Napoleon after overthrowing the directory. |
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| emperor of france, promoted education, made napoleonic code and valued order and authority over individual rights. |
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| kept the church under state control but recognized religious freedom for Catholics. |
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| Equality of citizens before the law, relgious toleration, and advancement based on merit. No rights for women. |
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| after return of Napoleon, enemies regrouped and British forces under Duke of Wellington and a Prussian army commanded by General Blucher crushed the french and sent napoleon back into exile. |
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| island in the Mediterranean. first place that napoleon was exiled after defeat in battle of the nations at Leipzig in 1813. |
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| a lonely island in the South Atlantic. last place napoleon was exiled after defeat at Waterloo. |
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| attained french throne after napoleon's downfall. |
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| Formerly enslaved, he was unfamiliar with military and diplomatic matters. He rose to become a skilled general and diplomat. By 1801, he had taken control of the entire island of Haiti and freed all the enslaved Africans. Captured by french and died in a prison in the french alps. |
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| Present day Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador. After Simon Bolivar defeated the Spanish at the Battle of Ayacucho(Pero), Latin America was liberated and called Gran Columbia. |
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| creole general. (venezuelan) united the Spanish colonies of South America into a single country called Gran Colombia. Upper Peru was renamed Bolivia in his honor. Led march through the Andes into what is now Columbia. Met San Martin in Ecuador and made finishing blow on Spanish. |
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| Argentenian who was sent to europe for military training. Liberated Argentina, Chile and Peru. Stepped down to let Bolivar finish the war. |
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| gave speech of "el Grito de Dolores". It called the people of Mexico to fight for "Independence and Liberty." (creole) executed. inspired Jose morelos(mestizo) to pursue the abolition of slavery and give everyone voting rights. |
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