Term
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Definition
| After civil war, new government w/o southern leaders. Congress felt south shouldnt enter the union quite yet |
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Term
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Definition
reasons for change-
personal responsibility-many casualties
political party consideration-wanted people to go republican
he was raised...racist laws, from kentucky |
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Term
| Emancipation proclamation |
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Definition
| freedom of all slaves in the south |
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Term
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Definition
| hated rich white southerners, added party participtaion, fought with congress |
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Definition
| helped freed slaves find work |
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Term
| Johnson was impeached.... |
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Definition
| 13th, 14th, and 15th amendment (helped slaves) |
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Term
| posistive aspects of reconstruction |
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Definition
i) free public education
ii) abolished property requirements for male voting
iii) period of economic recovery in the South
iv) new industry started textiles, coal |
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Term
| negative aspects of reconstruction |
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Definition
v) widespread corruption
vi) carpetbagger scandals
vii) merge of white terrorist societies (KKK)
viii) deaths skyrocket
ix) taxes increased
x) farmers lost land |
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Term
| reconstruction was over in... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| can make factories that will make machinery to create goods |
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Term
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Definition
| needed for industrialization, foreign investors loved us |
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Definition
| transport goods, consume steel & coal, created time zones to control schedule |
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Term
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Definition
| most self sufficient economy in the world |
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Term
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Definition
| gov allowed events to take their own course |
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Term
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Definition
| tried to regulate business and failed |
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Term
| Characteristics of Big Business |
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Definition
a) capitalization, scale of capitalization
b) bureaucratization
c) separation of ownership and management
d) geographic scale of operations – regional and potentially national
e) tendency toward vertical integration – own all materials for production and marketing
f) greater capitalization
g) trend toward oligopoly – particular sector of the economy controlled by a relatively small number of business |
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Term
| Impact of industrialization on workers |
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Definition
| depersonalization, ethnic diversity, unsafe |
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Term
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Definition
-set up after the Civil war, became national in a short time
-Terrance Powderly is the leader
-believed all workers should enter 1 organization as a force of change to the entire economic system
-believed in nonviolence ways such as strikes
-“pie-in-the-sky” idea – outlook toward a utopia
-short lived because the ideas were slightly extremist |
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Term
| American Federation of Labor (AFL) |
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Definition
-Sam Gompers
-replaced Knights of Labor
-foundation to work within the system to get better conditions
-focused on skilled workers
-“bread & butter” approach – focused on specific things
-much more flexible |
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Term
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Definition
| 1880s, chicago, riot against organized labor |
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Term
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Definition
| basic idea that farmers made & created the country to the way it was in the day |
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Term
| People’s (Populist) party in 1892 |
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Definition
| farm leaders, labor leaders, reformists, and feminists |
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Term
| Presidential Election of 1896 |
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Definition
| McKinley won, populist party disappeared |
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Term
| Isolationism, (traditional) |
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Definition
| stay away from Europe & other countries foreign affairs both political & military wise |
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Term
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Definition
| Europe is to stay out of Western colonialism & US will do the same (1820s) |
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Term
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Definition
whole war lasted 3 months – US won
-McKinley believed US should annex Philippines & got them & Puerto Rico, Cuba was free |
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Term
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Definition
| elected after McKinley was shot, Big Stick diplomacy |
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Term
| T. Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy Ideas |
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Definition
-idealist because he though the US had special message to play, tough about foreign policy
-realist about international politics, understands that diplomacy has to be backed up by military force, number of troops and industrial strength |
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Term
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Definition
| -Japan thought treaty limited them & that the US got more, ultimately led to WWII |
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Term
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Definition
-urban movement
-overwhelmingly White Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs) & university educated
-population of country grew 3x in 30 years,immigration
-rampant corruption |
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Term
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Definition
-movement said churches should not only prepare man for the afterlife but should also help address society’s problems today
-set up literacy classes for immigrants, day care centers, summer camps, addressed needs of families living in urban conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| Interstate Commerce Commission, investigated & oversaw railroad |
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Term
| Socio-economic Political Reforms/ progressivism |
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Definition
-federal government fairly small & doesn’t do much
-progressives wanted anti-child labor movement
-female suffrage (voted for the first time in 1920)
-prohibition (smaller element)
-moralizing dimension in some progressive efforts |
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Term
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Definition
blacks didnt prosper in prog. era...
-Supreme Court decision that endorsed segregation, did not find it unconstitutional, occurred for the next 60 years |
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Term
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Definition
Democrat – Woodrow Wilson won, his program was called “New Freedom,” much like lassiez-faire,faces major foreign policy crisis
-rigid moralist – things are either black or white |
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Term
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Definition
summer 1914, WWI breaks out
-Britain, France, & Russia early original allies (Allied Powers) fighting against Austro-Hungary, Germany, & Italy (Axis Powers) |
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Term
| Us and WWI, the beginning |
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Definition
| -threatens to affect American trade with European countries although there are rights of neutral countries to trade freely, submarnine warfare |
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Term
| WWI, why we didnt stay neutral |
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Definition
-public opinion pro-Allied, Germany invading Poland)
-strong financial relations with the Allies
-Lusitania was supposed to sail from US to Britain, Germany sunk it killing American passengers – outrages US |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| we prepare for war on a private level, prepare for a national defence ICE...Wilson wins |
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Term
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Definition
| "he kept US out of war"...or tried to |
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Term
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Definition
| British vs. Germany, men being slaughtered on land |
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Term
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Definition
| 1916, germans had unrestricted submarine warfare...Wilson broke relations |
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Term
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Definition
| if Germany went to war with US that if Mexico helped & Germany won that they would help recover Mexican territories to Mexico...wilson saw it...we were madddd |
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Term
| April 1917, Declaration of WAR |
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Definition
| zimmerman and sub warfare put us over the edge, there was a draft *gen pershing |
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Term
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Definition
| Czar overthrown in Russia & Lenin & bolsheviks seized power – pulled Russia out of war which allowed Germany to concentrate on fighting on the Eastern front, Lenin gives Germany over 1/3 of Russian land |
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Term
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Definition
the Creel Committee set up 4 Minute Men to propagandize the war
(1)gave 4 minute speeches prepared by Creel Committee
(2)wanted people to buy war bonds & wanted to “make the world safer for democracy”, “this is the war to end all wars” |
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Term
| Wilson, Making Peace 1919 |
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Definition
| Wilson created League of Nations but the US never joined which weakened the impact of the league, neo-isolationism sank in |
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Term
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Definition
| slang term for a United States Army infantryman, best known from its use in World War I |
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Term
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Definition
associated with communism, some spilt between the violence class warfare...
Lenin set up the Comintern (Bolsheviks = al Queda) to control the communist parties everywhere, declared holy war on liberalism and capitalism |
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Term
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Definition
associated with communism, some spilt between the violence class warfare...
Lenin set up the Comintern (Bolsheviks = al Queda) to control the communist parties everywhere, declared holy war on liberalism and capitalism |
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Term
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Definition
1: arrested 4000 people that were suspected Radicals, deported them to the USSR, crushed radical movement in US, membership in communist party plummets
2: encouraged conformity & discouraged those with radical ideas
3: gave organized labor a black eye |
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Term
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Definition
| Stalin regime came to power, kills millions of his own people in imposing Marxist/Leninist society, imposed forced starvation on Ukrainians |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st election women could vote in, VP nom is FDR, Harding died, then it was coolidge (r), then hoover (r) |
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Term
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Definition
| prohibition, culture & economic prosperities – President Hoover says things are “looking great” |
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Term
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Definition
| -international economic instability, WWI Debt Situation, US tariff policy, Farm Slump,shaky corporate practices,businessmen keeping large share of national wealth |
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Term
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Definition
1. insider trading going on
2.newspapers increased the country’s interest
3.price was not determined by company’s financial backing or soundness but a matter of speculation
4. became so irrational that brokers allowed stocks as collateral on loans |
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Term
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Definition
| lead to creation of the FDIC – people lost everything because banks went bankrupt |
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Term
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Definition
| WWI vets promised a one time bonus by the government to take place in 1940s |
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Term
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Definition
| home schooled mamas boy,people pleaser, admired teddy |
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Term
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Definition
| hilter became chancellor of germany right before fdr was sworn in |
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Term
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Definition
-became FDR’s eyes & ears outside the house & helped keep name out there when he was diagnosed with Polio
HUGE liberal |
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Term
| FDRs influence in 1920 election |
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Definition
| democratic party began to go from “Solid South” (regional campaign) to reaching inward the cities |
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Term
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Definition
he realized in the Depression that welfare was not up to the individual states but rather a national wide issue – idea that national government has responsibility to help people out
-Brains Trust...helped educate FDR on national issues & prepare papers |
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Term
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Definition
| democratic platform was to balance budget (“we want the removal of government from all private enterprise”), felt most should be under state control & not federal, traditionally conservative views & more mainstream |
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Term
| alphabet agencies (new deal) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Share The Wealth – thought US should take money from the millionaires and give to the poor, demigod in the eye of many |
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Term
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Definition
| Agriculture Adjustment Agency,founded by henry wallace, wanted to control production & therefore control surpluses...found unconstitutional |
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Term
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Definition
| National Recovery Administration, Section 7-A, unions had the right to help members |
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Term
| FDR’s First 100 Days campaign |
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Definition
| has representatives of business & government sit down & set up codes for fair competition, businesses that cooperated had a blue eagle on their products |
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Term
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Definition
| (Worker’s Progress Administration) – most famous & largest |
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Term
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Definition
| primed the government pump by putting public money into the economy to create jobs & increase material use, didnt work, not enough money |
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Term
| Relief programs (new deal) |
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Definition
| emphasized WORK, shift in concept of federal welfare from individual blame to society & environment |
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Term
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Definition
| leading figure in relief effort, major social worker & close advisor to FDR |
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Term
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Definition
| declaration of indep. for unions, Robert Wagner (D-NY) guarantees workers the right to form unions & provides punishment for management |
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Term
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Definition
| American Federation of Labor, craft unionism, have to have a specialized craft to join |
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Term
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Definition
| Congress of Industrial Organization, skilled & unskilled workers joined, grew to be largest organization within 2 years of founding |
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Term
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Definition
| hardest hit group by depression, still voting republican, FDR ignored blacks |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| this passiveness contributed to the outbreak of World War II. US bears some responsibility for 50 million deaths. |
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Term
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Definition
| by 1930’s, Americans wondered what had been accomplished in WWI |
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Term
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Definition
| Committee to examine the role of munitions factories, Nye Committee held hearings that were widely publicized, drilled managers about sales methods especially those of WWI |
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Term
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Definition
| Nye Committee’s conclusion was that US went to war was because of munitions makers, title given to munitions makers |
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Term
| How did US stay out of crisis abroad? |
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Definition
| economic crisis that focused national attention on the problems going on at home rather than abroad |
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Term
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Definition
| after WWI, republicans gained power & slashed military, Army didn’t have much bargaining power in Congress (19th largest in the world in the late 1930’s), not ready to fight anyone |
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Term
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Definition
FDR supported League of Nations,
foreign policy isolationism, New Deal program was economic failure & the mobilization for WWII (producing tanks, jeeps, etc.) was what pulled the US out of the Depression |
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Term
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Definition
| Hitler phenomenon evolving in the mid 1930’s & FDR realized this, FDR uses oratorical abilities to tell people there is something moral involved with Hitler – had FDR said US would prepare for war just “in case,” this would have sent a better message to Europe, esp. Hitler |
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Term
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Definition
| friendly with everyone, keep the peace |
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Term
| FDR's Latin American Policy |
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Definition
1. don’t interfere with other countries, withdrew Marine
2. improve political relations with Latin America in order to improve economic relations and increase trade |
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Term
| Neutrality Laws (1935 -1937) |
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Definition
| more efficient than isolationism, Nye played a part |
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Term
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Definition
(1)US could not sell military equipment, arms, munitions to warring powers should war break out
(2)non-military goods on a cash & carry basis to warring nations – pay cash & carry goods back to homeland on own boats
(3)no loans, no credits
(4)no US citizen to travel on belligerent ships |
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Term
| Pre WWII; Japanese Expasionism |
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Definition
| Japan became a major naval power, beat china in gettin manchuria |
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Term
| Stimson Doctrine(pre pearl harbor) |
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Definition
| stimson was hoovers sec. of state, US does not recognize the Japanese conquests in China, insists that China’s independence be maintained, Japanese paid no attention to doctrine and deliberately isolating itself from West |
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Term
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Definition
| Japanese behaved like savages towards Chinese and slaughtered between 200,000 to 300,000 people; competition between Japanese generals to see just how many Chinese could be slaughtered |
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Term
| U.S. Response to Japanese-china attacks |
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Definition
| widely publicized, newsreels showed the Japanese brutality – outraged Americans |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st step away from isolation, he wrote in his own paragraph about healthy people getting together to quarantine patients; seemed to be suggesting that US get together with another country & do something about Japan |
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Term
| Non-Invocation of the Neutrality Laws |
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Definition
| FDR decided to determine there was a war – found loophole in Neutrality Laws |
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Term
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Definition
| administration wanted to put pressure on Japan to stop the attack on China – US major source of Japanese imports that were vital to the war, thought if imports were cut off Japan would stop attacking China |
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Term
| Pearl caught us off guard... |
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Definition
| we felt that Japan not an immediate threat since the Pacific separated the countries and Germany (Hitler) was a bigger threat since the Atlantic is smaller |
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Term
| Nazi tactics, "5th column" |
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Definition
| the Nazi party sent agents to German settlements all over world to propagandize the war, wanted to create a group of people in US that would be on Germany’s side of the war |
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Term
| FDR’s Anti-German strategy (1938–1939) |
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Definition
| tightened relations with Latin America so they would cooperate with US should war come, built up army, befriended allies |
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Term
| FDR makes more decisions regarding national security – (WWII) |
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Definition
| international situation helps get him elected to another term because the country did not want to change leaders mid-crisis |
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Term
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Definition
| unify Americas in national policy |
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Term
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Definition
| US not in war from September 1, 1939, thru December 1941, FDR wants US to go to Germany to fight instead of having Hitler come to US (if it must happen at all) |
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Term
| Summer 1940-huge War budget |
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Definition
| built up American defenses – draft held since there was not enough manpower, 1 year draft dramatically built up army |
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Term
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Definition
| FDR asked Congress again to repeal the wars embargo – after debate, accepts FDR’s request...cash and carry |
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Term
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Definition
| set up the British Security Coordination in the US |
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Term
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Definition
| FDR wins – American people endorse his federal policy, us people thing its means of staying out of war |
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Term
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Definition
| to keep giving Britain goods – US president could lend or lease anything to countries whose defense was in the US interest,foreign aid program that was great for the US economy – more money available to give contracts to companies to make war goods, wanted to make sure that goods got to Britain and was aggressive in the Atlantic – undeclared naval war against Germany |
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Term
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Definition
| FDR secretly starts planning for war |
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Term
| Congress revokes Neutrality Laws in 1941 |
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Definition
| FDR wanted to sent merchant ships into the Atlantic so that German U-boats would attack and allow him to declare war, didn’t want war against Japan since they were attacking China (no interest to the US) |
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Term
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Definition
| US decides economic pressure best way to get Japan to stop attack on china so we cut off trade in 1940, oil, steel & iron sales |
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Term
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Definition
| Japan signs and joins axis powers |
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Term
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Definition
| 12/7/41-killed 2400 sailors, sank ships, more of the Navy died in this one attack than all other wars combined |
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Term
| December 8, 1941 (day after pearl harbor) |
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Definition
| FDR asks Congress for a declaration of war against Japan; four days later, Hitler declares war on US – Germany & Japan not really helping each other |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| invade France at Normandy, first day of military operations, goes well & surrounds Germans |
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Term
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Definition
| biggest battle, costly to hitler and cost lots of us manpower, last offensive |
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Term
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Definition
| victory in europe, official european surrender |
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Term
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Definition
-climate & terrain completely different that that in Europe
the fighting was mostly an American show |
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Term
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Definition
| turning point of war- it focused Japanese on potential attack from US & brought fighting to Midway Islands (tried to disillude Americans to Aleutian Islands but US broke Japanese code & were prepared at Midway, US sunk 4 aircraft carriers of the Japanese fleet) |
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Term
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Definition
| leap frogged over those that could be taken without land attack |
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Term
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Definition
| the first air raid by the United States to strike a Japanese home island |
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Term
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Definition
| Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Japanese were killing themselves and being trained to kill troops as well. Holocaust waiting for US troops... |
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Term
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Definition
| secretly making atomic bomb with refugee scientists from europe |
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Term
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Definition
| dropped 1st atomic bomb, most controversial act of the war |
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Term
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Definition
| last bomb, japan finally surrendered |
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Term
| V-J Day (Victory over Japan) |
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Definition
| Japanese signed surrender papers, MacArthur sailed into Tokyo Bay – ended war |
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Term
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Definition
| Economic Mobilization for War-farm incomes soar, labor available for basically everyone |
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Term
| National Unity after WWII |
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Definition
shared experiences...
(1)Pearl Harbor
(2)exposed to government propaganda
(3)movie’s messages – #1 form of public entertainment
(4)war bonds – everyone buying
(5)scrap drives – conservation & recycling
(6)victory gardens – people planted gardens |
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Term
| Civil rights after WWII, Af Americans |
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Definition
| given discrimination that continued throughout the war, war created circumstances that allowed advancements in labor & military (although it remained segregated) which allowed for more political education – lead to increased civil rights boom in the 1950s |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the all black military groups, never lost a single bomber that they escorted |
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Term
| March on Washington movement |
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Definition
| to protest discrimination in industries with government contracts – FDR agreed to issue executive order about no discrimination in companies with government contracts |
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Term
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Definition
| (Congress On Racial Equality) formed, nonviolent but more pressing, main tactic is the sit-in – wanted to show that they were not forgetting about the racial inequalities |
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Term
| Civil rights post WWII-Japanese |
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Definition
| given orders to report to a gathering place and then shipped from there to camps, all Japanese-Americans were sent & lived in camps, young Nisei angered and appealed to serve in the Army – turned out to be highly decorated, government set up screening process to allow Japanese out of camps – by end of the war about 5000 left in camps & were sent back to Japan |
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Term
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Definition
A)ends depression
B)consolidates America as #1 economically, financially & militarily
C)emerged without homeland damaged
D)catalyst to the Cold War |
|
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Term
| Harry S. Truman: The Man & Politician |
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Definition
| from Missouri, moderate & down to earth, accepts responsibility for his actions & expects everyone else too do the same, called thing how he saw it (battled & criticized the Klan after WWII) |
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Term
| (Truman)Demobilization- 1945 |
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Definition
| Japan surrenders but friction with Russia left, Truman wanted to remain mobilized but the country wanted to urgently get back to peacetime |
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Term
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Definition
| came up with packages that helped solved problems from Great Depression, thought there would be a depression greater than the first, process relatively smooth & peaceful; not long before prosperity |
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Term
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Definition
| provided tuition for college & loans, etc; put many GIs on campus instead of job market |
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Term
| (truman) atomic energy act |
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Definition
| created Atomic Energy Commission that had monopoly over all nuclear activities, gave president sole use of all nuclear weapons |
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Term
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Definition
| counter acts Wagner Act, restricts right to carry out a strike & gave president right to create an injunction against strike,no communist allowed in elected position, Truman vetoed but Congress got it through anyway |
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Term
| (truman) national securtiy act |
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Definition
| created National Security Counsel that advises the president, CIA (gathers intelligence), Air Force, Dept. of Defense (significant act) → all came from Act, part of Truman’s effort to improve conditions for the Cold War |
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Term
| (truman) national securtiy act |
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Definition
| created National Security Counsel that advises the president, CIA (gathers intelligence), Air Force, Dept. of Defense (significant act) → all came from Act, part of Truman’s effort to improve conditions for the Cold War |
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Term
| (truman) Civil Rights (good for him!) |
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Definition
| Truman presents message to Congress to make civil rights a national issue (great achievement), warned not to do this because 1948 was an election year; Democrats thought it should not be an issue but Truman knew it was wrong & addressed it – divides party & approval ratings dropped |
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Term
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Definition
| breaks away from the democratic party to form the Dixiecrats |
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Term
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Definition
| (2) Truman a combative guy so he made the decision to run anyway – got the democratic nomination & brought campaign to the people, he won anyways! |
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Term
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Definition
(1)Truman asks Congress to enact but they never do
(2)increased federal aid for housing, benefits for veterans
(3)contained a civil rights act – never got through Congress
(4)Truman was a moderate liberal and was against the abuse of power – thought unions were to high-handed and selfish |
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Term
| (truman) Cold War definition |
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Definition
| refers to the struggle between the “free world” and the communist world – most challenging conflict because the 2 major players (US & the Soviet Union) never fought each other directly |
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Term
| (truman) More on Cold War |
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Definition
| involved social, economic, political, psychological, etc. factor – shaped everything the nation did; fundamental reason is that the Soviet Union publicly dedicated itself to destroying political, economic, & social systems in all other countries around the world |
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Term
| (truman) WWII was precursor for Cold War |
|
Definition
Stalin signs pact with Hitler-Nazi/Soviet secret clause stating they would spilt Poland and not go to war with each other, when Poland surrenders Nazis take western half & Soviets take eastern half.
Stalin take Baltic states, Hitler later invades Soviet Union & Stalin becomes US ally out of necessity. |
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Term
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Definition
| US deciphers 15% of messages & gradually more but not until after WWII...KGB – Soviet spies, CIA – US spies...public learned about Verona Project after the Soviet Union released KGB records admitting to spying on US |
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Term
| (truman) soviet expansion |
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Definition
| shows its interest in expanding influence & control, installed communist satellite states around the world |
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Term
| (truman) early response: Truman Doctrine |
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Definition
(1)use economic resources to help Greece & Turkey
(2)represents abandonment of Monroe Doctrine
(3)sends advisers & aid |
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Term
|
Definition
| label of policy to try to prevent Soviet expansion, wanted to contain communism where it was |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
(1)aid program for Western Europe to finance economic reconstruction (funds, loans, credits)
(2)$13 billion over 4 years to rebuild economies
(3)tried to eliminate vulnerability to communism |
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Term
|
Definition
| Stalin wanted to force US out of Berlin so hi cut off railroad traffic to west, US organized an airlift to ferry supplies into west Berlin |
|
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Term
| (truman) NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) |
|
Definition
(1)US creates it but was the idea of W. Europe – scared Soviets would move across W. Europe so they pleaded with US to be their ally to which it was agreed
(2)collective security organization – find security with the strength of others
(3)still present & probably prevent WWIII |
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Term
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Definition
| Korea was divided into North (communist) & South (free)...U.S.withdrew troops & did not provide S. Korea with any military training or aid...N Korea invades S, we send in Macarthur |
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Term
| Korean war, what we learned... |
|
Definition
-US & Soviets do not directly fight each other
-tries to manage war without going to war |
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Term
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Definition
| Elected during korean war, from Kansas, great military career but never actually commanded troops in battle, commanded British forces in Operation Torch (N. Africa)heads NATO |
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| he seemed to make all the decisions but really Eisenhower was making them and letting Dallas get praise...ike was a good man |
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Definition
| running mate was nixon, start of the crackdown on communism, WON |
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| Eisenhowers administration overview |
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Definition
-us made 1/2 the worlds goods
-sexual revolution
-teens driving cars
-fear of nukes |
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Term
| (ike)National highway act |
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Definition
-interstate system
-brought in billions of $$
-largest public works program in history
-contributes to the prosperity |
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Term
| (ike) Brown v. Board of Education (civil rights) |
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Definition
| Kansas, separate but equal doctrine from Plessy v. Ferguson was unconstitutional, schools must integrate “with all due speed”, Civil Rights coalition starting, Eisenhower did not like the Brown decision but knew he had to enforce it so he desegregated schools in DC as an example to the nation, Central High School in Little Rock, Ark. refused to let black students in, Eisenhower sent federal troops into South to patrol streets, accompany kids to school & to & from classes the whole year |
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Term
| (ike) Montgomery Bus Boycott (civil rights) |
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Definition
| Rosa Parks sat in the front of the bus & refused to move to let a white man sit down this got her arrested, boycotted |
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Term
| (ike) Martin Luther King Jr. |
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Definition
| preacher from Atlanta,in charge of the movement,studied Ghandi, great physical courage,nation benefited from calm, non-violent leadership,Southern Christian Leadership Conference – led by middle class blacks associated with churches, regional movement (South) |
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| broad defense policy that had a reduction of spending in military spending & emphasis on atomic weapons (cheaper) – done to deter Soviet Union |
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| (ike) John Foster Dallas/ reltaliation |
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Definition
| if the Soviets invade Europe, then the US would respond massively |
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Definition
| main battlefield in E. Europe, US sheltered W. europe, NATO was solidified, |
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Definition
| Hungary was a communist satellite state that wanted to get rid of the Soviet Union’s influence after Stalin’s death but Khrushchev did not allow Hungary to break away & sent tanks, we didnt help? |
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Term
| (ike) Cold War in the Middle East IRAN |
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Definition
-had regime that was proSoviet & CIA helped to conspire with Iranians to overthrow government
-brought stability for 25 years |
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Term
| (ike) Coldwar Mid E. SUEZ CANAL |
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Definition
| Britain & France controlled the Suez Canal and Nasser decided Egypt (country where canal is located) should seize control, Khrushchev came to Egypt’s aid & established relationship with the Middle Eastern countries |
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Term
| (ike) Eisenhower Doctrine- mid E. |
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Definition
| if friendly Middle Eastern country is threatened by Soviets, US would come to the support & go to the aid even if military involvement was required |
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Definition
-new communist regime that was vetoed entrance into NATO (US used the veto power)
-Taiwan government recognized as the true Chinese government
-hostility between US & China |
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Term
| (ike) Cold war in Vietnam |
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Definition
| -French colony & communist lead by leader Ho Chi Minh overthrew government at Diem Bien Phu (decisive battle) |
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Term
| (ike) CW/Vietnam: Geneva Accords |
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Definition
(1)Ho Chi Minh would lead the North – capital Hanoi
(2)French would retain S. Vietnam – Vietnamese leader was Ngo Dinh Diem (non-communist)
(3)spilt Vietnam at the 38th parallel
(4)elections would be held in 2 years to solidify country |
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Definition
| Diem launches campaign to take out communist & guerilla warfare starts in S. Vietnam by the communist left behind in South |
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Term
| (ike) CW/Vietnam:VietCong |
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Definition
| set up (guerilla warfare soldiers); Eisenhower sent 800 advisors to train S. Vietnamese – not a major issue in 1960 elections (intensified year by year) |
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Definition
| from a very wealthy Irish immigrant family in Massachusetts,taught by father,won Pulitzer Prize in 1957 for Profile under Courage, WWII hero, had congenital back problems that could incapacitate him at times |
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Term
| JFK New Frontier/ Read TEXT |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -VERY close (Kennedy v. Nixon), first televised debate, very close debate, both agreed on domestic & foreign policy |
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Definition
| -blacks had voted for Eisenhower so Kennedy needed the support from a black leader, MLK went to jail & Kennedy called & got MLK out of jail,this leads black community to think he supports civil rights (really doesn’t – more concerned about foreign policy |
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Term
| (jfk) Civil rights: Freedom Rides |
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Definition
| -black & whites got on buses heading South, attacked by mobs when they finally reached the South & got off the buses,wanted to force integration |
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Term
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Definition
-Castro came into power in & began to set up communist regime, CIA planned to overthrow Castro & trained Cuban exiles to help
-exiles landed at Bay of Pigs & US did not give the air support needed & exiles were slaughtered |
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Term
| (jfk) Cuban Missle Crisis |
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Definition
| US called blockade on Cuba so Soviet ships could not get there hoping Soviet Union would back down which they did |
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Definition
| assasinated by lee harvey oswald, johnson becomes pres |
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Term
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Definition
| focused on domestic policy not foreign policy,brought liberal ideas to domestic policy,much more skilled politically than Kennedy, great compromiser (got Civil Rights Act of 1964 where Kennedy may not have been able to), administration run at a time when the country was already falling apart & Vietnam added tension |
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Term
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Definition
| Johnson was concerned with the racial tensions & poverty gap, wanted to be the one to bring the nation together to create one great society...civil rights had left the South to go to inner cities – became violent & racist against whites (Malcolm X, Black Power) |
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Term
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Definition
| conflict & not a true war,Johnson’s foreign policy challenge that lead to political failure was democrats had lost China and Johnson did not want to lose more of SE Asia to communism. when Kennedy was killed there were 16,000 advisers – supposed to only be advising S. Vietnamese but were helpin fight,S. Vietnamese overthrew Diem with the permission of DC but killed him which DC did not approve of |
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Term
| (lbj)Vietnam: Gulf of Tonkin |
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Definition
| US spy ships were fired upon by Vietnamese, there was a second attack but really not sure & Johnson decided to tell the public that there had been to get the public’s support |
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Term
| (lbj) Vietnam: Gulf of Tonkin Resolutions |
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Definition
(1)Congress said that the president could do whatever was necessary to protect American interests in SE Asia
(2)politically armed the president to wage “war” |
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Term
| (lbj)Vietnam: Rolling Thunder |
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Definition
| -code name for air war, Johnson reluctantly agreed to send air power believing that he would not have to send soldiers,targeted the Ho Chi Minh trail since it was the main artery between North & South for the North army, reluctantly sent troops |
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Term
| (lbj)Vietnam: Search and Destroy |
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Definition
-find the enemy & “4F” them (find, fix, fight, finish) – kill them
0believed that if the Marines would kill so many that the Northern army would give up – did not slow Hanoi down nor seal the trail |
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Term
| (lbj)Vietnam: Tet Offensive |
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Definition
| turning point of the war,Tet is the Chinese lunar new year,simultaneous VC attacks on villages all over S. Vietnam – US crushed the VC, S. Vietnamese fought well & killed between 40,000 – 80,000 VC,military disaster for Hanoi BUT political victory of equal proportions because large sections of American people turned more against the war & media had supported the war until that point...destroys Johnson’s presidency |
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Term
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Definition
| promised law & order, not the pulling out of Vietnam; race riots going on, King & Bobby Kennedy assassinated in 1968,hard-line anticommunist – negotiations were not an option; his specialty was foreign policy, has broad vision & brought Henry Kissinger in,Soviet & Chinese spilt was much more pronounced in 1960s, competing against each other for control |
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Term
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Definition
| 5 points-withdrew US ground troops,increase use of airpower,increased aid to S. Vietnam,try to isolate Hanoi diplomatically by improving relations with China & Soviet Union, hoped this would lead to their convincing North to leave South alone,negotiate directly with Hanoi |
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Term
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Definition
| US agreed to withdraw all military & North Vietnam could remain in South, Nixon told S. Vietnamese president that if the North violated truce the US would comeback – Watergate occurred & this never happened,ended American involvement in Vietnam – victory for Hanoi,1975 – Hanoi launch big offensive & overtook South Vietnam,irony – assumptions wrong: 3 years after victory Vietnam fought war with China, Vietnam today has abandoned any Marxist theories & formed a free trade market |
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