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Definition
| Where settlers of Plymouth Colony agreed to obey their government's laws. |
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Term
| Causes & Effects of the French and Indian War |
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Definition
| Cause: struggles for supremacy had been going on for many decades between France and England in the New World Effect: a result of the British victory in the French and Indian War, France was effectively expelled from the New World |
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| a revenue-raising act passed by the Parliament of Great Britain on April 5, 1764 |
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| A 1765 law passed by the British Parliament that taxed newspapers, legal documents, and other printed materials in the colonies. |
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| Incident on March 5, 1770, in which British soldiers in Boston killed five colonists. |
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| Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine and published in January 1776, which called for American independence from Britain. |
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Patriot: one who loves his country and serves to protect it from invasion.
Loyalist: a person who remained loyal to Great Britain during the Revolution.
Patriot: |
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Definition
| American men disguised themselves as Mohawks and dumped the tea overboard the ships into the Boston Harbor. The purpose of this demostration was to boycott the tax Britain was placing on tea. |
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Term
| Declaration of Independence |
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Definition
| 1776 statement issued by the Second Continental Congress, explaining why the colonies wanted independence from Britain. |
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Term
| Strengths/Weaknesses of the Colonies |
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Definition
Strengths: war fought on its own land; they knew the land well
Weaknesses; |
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Term
| Strengths/Weaknesses of Great Britain |
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Definition
Strengths: they had a larger population; had American loyalists; strong navy
Weaknesses: had to fight on foreign soil; had to ship supplies and ammunition to colonies; had to rely on mercenaries |
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| Revolutionary War battle in 1777 in New York, a turning point in the war. |
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| Revolutionary War battle in 1781 in Virginia that ended in a decisive American victory. |
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| Treaty that ended the Revolutionary War and in which Britain acknowledged American independence. |
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Term
| Strengths/Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation |
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Definition
Strengths: allowed states and western territories to be developed; helped trade
Weaknesses: weak federal government; needed 9 of 13 states to agree to pass a law; no power to collect taxes |
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Term
Constitution
- 3/5 Compromise
- Great Compromise
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Definition
Constitution: plan of government that describes the different parts of the government that describes the different parts of the government and their duties and powers.
3/5 Compromise: compromisses in which slaves were counted as 3/5 of a person for purposes of taxation and representation.
Great Compromise: Compromise of 2 house legislature: House of Representatives will be based on population, Senate will be each state would get two senators. |
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| Functions of the Legislative, Judicial and Executive Branches |
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Definition
The executive branch consists of the president, vice president and 15 Cabinet-level departments such as State, Defense, Interior, Transportation and Education. The primary power of the executive branch rests with the president, who chooses his vice president, and his Cabinet members who head the respective departments. A crucial function of the executive branch is to ensure that laws are carried out and enforced to facilitate such day-to-day responsibilities of the federal government as collecting taxes, safeguarding the homeland and representing the United States' political and economic interests around the world
The legislative branch consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives, collectively known as the Congress. There are 100 senators; each state has two. Each state has a different number of representatives, with the number determined by the state's population. At present, there are 435 members of the House. The legislative branch, as a whole, is charged with passing the nation's laws and allocating funds for the running of the federal government and providing assistance to the 50 U.S. states
The judicial branch consists of the United States Supreme Court and lower federal courts. Its primary function is to hear cases that challenge legislation or require interpretation of that legislation. The U.S. Supreme Court has nine Justices, who are chosen by the President, confirmed by the Senate, and have a lifetime appointment |
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| system in which each of the branches of the federal government can check the actions of the other branches. |
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| supporters of the constitution during the debate over its ratification; favored a strong national government. |
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| were against the federal government getting too much power. |
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Definition
The first 10 amendments are known as the Bill of Rights.
ie: right to bear arms (II)
protest against unreasonable searches or seizures (iv)
right to trial if a dispute is over $20 (vii)
no cruel or unusual punishment (viii) |
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Term
| Judicial Review - Marbury v. Madison |
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Definition
Judicial Review: Power of federal courts to review state laws and state court decisions to determine if they are constitutional.
Marbury v. Madison: 1803 Supreme Courtcase that established the principle of judicial review. |
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Definition
- the Inaugural address
- two terms in office
- creation of the cabinet
- foreigh policy of neutrality
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Definition
- resistance of W. Pennsylvania farmers to rax on whiskey.
- protest turned violent on July 1794
- Armed mob attacked tax collectors and burned down buildings "called whiskey rebellion"
- Washington crushed the challenge and sent message would use force when necessary.
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Term
| Federalist/Democratic Republicans |
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Definition
Federalists:
- Strong central government. Loose interpertation of constitution.
- wanted high internal taxes & create National Bank to do all banking for all States.
- Lived in Northeast/liked National Power
- Alexander Hamiltion - central politician.
Democratic Republicans:
- states rights with weaker central government and strict interpretation of constitution.
- Federal snobbery
- pro-agriculture/usually farmers
- farmers taken advantage of by Feds by paying taxes.
- Lived on West on farms
- Thomas Jefferson most poular politician for Dem-Republicans.
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Term
| Strict/Loose Construction |
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Definition
Strict Construction:(Democratic-Republicans)believing that the Federal Government would gain too much power
Loose Construction:(Federalists)believing that the Federal Government could never get too much power |
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Definition
| a bank chartered by the U.S. government and formerly authorized to issue notes that served as money |
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Term
| Washington's Farewell Address |
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Definition
- Washington decided not to seek a 3rd term.
- In Farewell address he attacked political parties and involvement in foreign affairs. Urged his fellow citizens to: "Observe good faith and justice toward all nations... It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances."
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Term
| Election of 1800 ('Revloution') |
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Definition
| In the United States Presidential election of 1800, sometimes referred to as the "Revolution of 1800," Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent president John Adams. The election was a realigning election that ushered in a generation of Democratic-Republican Party rule and the eventual demise of the Federalist Party in the First Party System. It was a lengthy, bitter rematch of the 1796 election between the pro-French and pro-decentralization Democratic-Republicans under Jefferson and Aaron Burr, against incumbent Adams and Charles Pinckney's pro-British and pro-centralization Federalists. The jockeying for electoral votes, regional divisions, and the propaganda smear campaigns created by both parties made the election recognizably modern |
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Definition
| Purchase by the United States of the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803. |
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Term
| War of 1812 - causes and effects |
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Definition
| War between the United States and Great Britain. 3 causes; 1. Americans were unprepared for war 2.most veterans of the American Revolution are to old 3.Americans misjudged the strength of the British and their Native American allies. Effects; 1. Americans felt a new patriotism 2.American felt a strong national idenity. |
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Definition
| 7th President of the US, 1829-1837; supported minimal government and the spoils system; vetoed rechartering of the national bank; pursued harsh policy toward Native Americans. |
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Definition
| Since the presidency of Andrew Jackson, political supporters were rewarded with jobs and favors. When a new persident came to power, job seekers flooded the nations capital. Founded at many levels which led to abuses. |
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| the failure or refusal of a U.S. state to aid in enforcement of federal laws within its limits, esp. on Constitutional grounds |
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Term
| Trail of Tears - Indian Removal |
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Definition
Trail of Tears: The forced movement of Cherokees in 1838 to land west of the Mississippi River.
Indian Removal (Act): 1830 law calling for the President to give Native Americans land in parts of the Louisiana Purchase in exchange for land taken from them in the East. |
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Term
| Industrialization - North |
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Definition
| It gave the North the advantage in manufacturing everything from cannons to bullets to the very buttons on their uniforms. Most iron ore mines were in Northern territory, as well as the smelting |
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Term
| Industrialization - South |
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Definition
| The term has been used with different applications in mind. The original use of the term "New South" was an attempt to describe the rise of the South after the Civil War. The antebellum South was largely agrarian and sought to preserve its cultural identity in departing from the Union, which led to the irrepressible conflict. After the war, the South was impoverished and seemed to be in great need of an alternative economy. The New South was no longer to be dependent on banned slave labor or predominantly upon the raising of cotton, but rather industrialized and part of a modern national economy |
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Definition
| Several developments in textile machinery occurred in a relatively short history period during the industrial revolution. Information on the flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule, power loom and the cotton gin. Inventors: John Kay, James Hargreaves, Richard Arkwright, Samuel Crompton, Edmund Cartwright and Eli Whitney |
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| machine that separates the seeds from raw cotton fiber. Designed to make the black mans job easier so they did not have to take the seeds out one by one. |
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| a systen of manufacturing in which all parts are made to an exact standard for easy mass-assembly. |
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| Factory Life - Lowell Mills |
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| Lucretia Mott helped slaves and organized the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society. Elizabeth Cady Stanton joined forces with Lucretia Mott to work for the women's movement. |
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| Horace Mann from Massachusetts reformed schools in Mass and trained students to become teachers. |
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| An organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption. |
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| Dorothea Dix was the leader; Make prison conditions better |
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| philosophical movement of the mid-1800s that emphasized spirtual discovery and insight rather than reason. |
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| 1820 agreement calling for the admission of Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and outlawing alvery in futures staes to be created north of 36 30' N latitude. |
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| Agreement designed to ease tensions caused by the expansion of slavery into western territories. |
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| Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1858 Supreme Court decision that stated that slaves were not citizens; that living in a free state or territory, even for many years, did not free slaves; and declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. |
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| 1854 law that called for the creation of these two new territories, and stated that the citizens in each territory should decided whether slavery would be allowed there. |
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| Abolitionist crusader who massacred proslavery settlers in Kansas before the Civil War; hoped to inspire slave revolt with 1859 attach on Virginia arsenal; executred for treason against the state of Virginia. |
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Term
| Election of 1860 and Secession |
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Definition
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Term
| North-South Strategy and Advantages |
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Definition
The North has a larger population and better resources. The North's goal was to restore the Union.
The South had excellent military leaders and a strong fighting spirit. Their goal was to establish itself as an independent nation. |
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Definition
| Battle between the North and South. Both sides won. The Emanicipation Proclamation was issued from this battle. The Emanicipation Proclamation was issued by Abraham Lincoln and it freed all enslaved people in states under confederate control. |
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Definition
| This battle was won by the North. The importance of this battle was that the South started to retreat. |
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Definition
| It was won by the North and it spead up the Northern Victory. Also know as the March to the Sea. |
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Term
| Emancipation Proclamation |
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Definition
| A proclamation issued by Abraham Lincoln that freed all enslaved people in states under confederate control. |
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Term
| Massachusetts 54th Regiment |
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Definition
| An African American regiment that took part in an assault of Fort Wagner. |
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| A plan where when 10% of the voters of a state took an oath of loyalty to the Union, the state could form a new government and adopt a new constitution that banned slavery. |
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Definition
| It was called Restoration. His plan would grant amnesty to most southerners once they swore loyalty to the Union. |
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Definition
| Created by Congress in 1865, the first major federal relief agency in the United States. |
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| a group of republicans that favored a more extreme approach as to how the South should be treated. |
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| Abolished slavery throughout the United States |
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Definition
| Granted citizenship and equal protection of the laws to all persons born in the United States (except Native Americans.) |
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Definition
| Protected the voting rights of Africian Americans. |
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| laws to control black men and women. |
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Term
| Literacy Tests/Poll Tax/Grandfather Clause |
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Definition
Literacy Test: a method used to prevent African Americans from voting by requiring prospective voters to read and write at a specified level.
Poll Tax: a tax of a fixed amount per person that had to be paid before the person could vote.
Grandfather clause: laws allowed people who did not pass the literacy test to vote if their fathers or grandfathers voted before Reconstruction. |
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Definition
| was a case involving a Louisiana law requiring seperate sections on trains for Africian Americans. Court ruled that segration was legal as long as Afrixian Americans had access to public places equal to those of the whites. |
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| whites in white robes that would go around killing blacks. |
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| a compromise that declared Rutherford B. Hayes the winner and made him president. |
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| Mining, Ranching, Farming |
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Definition
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Definition
Farmers:a person who is responsible for growing crops, raising and breeding livestock, poultry and other animals and marketing farm products
Populism:an ideology[1][2][3][4] (more rarely and uncommonly), a political philosophy[5][6][7] or a type of discourse[8][9], is a type of political-social thought that juxtaposes "the people" against "the elites", and urges social and political system changes |
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Definition
| 1887 law that divided reservation land intio private family plots. |
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| The importance of how to get armies and supplies and food and other necessities needed for war from here to there was a large part of the war effort of both sides in the Civil War. It took the North a while to understand that railroads could be used for war effort and not for profit alone. The South knew this from the beginning |
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Definition
| The earliest survey map in the United States that shows a commercial "tramroad" was drawn in Pennsylvania in October 1809 by John Thomson and was entitled "Draft Exhibiting . . . the Railroad as Contemplated by Thomas Leiper Esq. From His Stone Saw-Mill and Quarries on Crum Creek to His Landing on Ridley Creek |
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Definition
| Political corruption is the use of legislated powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain |
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Term
| Captains of Industry/Robber Barons |
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Definition
| Terms used to describe the powerful industrialists who established large businesses in the late 1800's. Robber baron: implies that the business leaders built their fortunes by stealing from the public. Draining the country's of its natural resources & persuaded public officials to interpret laws in their favor. All the while, they ruthlessly drove their competitors to ruin, paying their workers meager wages and forced them to toil under dangerous & unhealthful conditions. Captains of industry: business leaders serving their nation in a positive way. They increase the supply of goods by building factories, raising productivity, and expanding makrets. They also created jobs that enabled many Americans to buy new goods and raise their standard of living. They established outstanding museums, libraries, & universities. |
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Definition
The organizing all working men and women, skilled and unskilled, into a single union. The types of unions were: National Trades Union (the first union), Knights of Labor, American Federation of Labor. Labor unions used collective bargaining to negotiate as a group with employers.
Strikes: A work stoppage intended to force an employer to meet certain demands, as in the demand for higher wages. Some of the most famous strikes of that period were: Haymarket strike which sought to create an 8 hour work day, Homestead Strike which sought to fight the cut of wages, Pullman Strike was were the railway workers for Pullman fouhgt back from the cut in wages but keeping rent & food at the same price. Delegation of workers went to discuss with Pullman he fired 3 workers which lead to the strike. |
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Immigration:
Nativism: A policy of favoring native born Americans over immigrants. |
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| the legal prohibition and ending of slavery, esp. of slavery of blacks in the U.S. |
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