Term
|
Definition
| Union commander at Manassas Junction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Holds position at Bull Run to allow Confederates to get reinforcements. |
|
|
Term
| Battle of First Manassas/First Bull Run |
|
Definition
| Stonewall Jackson holds position to allow Confederates to get reinforcements via a railroad during the battle. They outflank Union soldiers and a potential Union victory is turned into a rout. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leads attacks at Forts Henry and Donaldson in the West. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Union forces under Grant are attacked by combined Confederate forces. Albert Sydney Johnson killed in this battle. False accusations of Grant being drunk. Western theatre of war post Fort Donaldson/Henry. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leads Confederate forces at Shiloh, highest ranking officer killed on either side during Civil War. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Confederate officer who combines with Lee to push McClellan out of Virginia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Confederates lose more troops but thanks to Lee win battle of position. Pushes into Maryland, even with recovered battle plans a Confederate soldier had dropped McClellan fails to act decisively. |
|
|
Term
| Emancipation Proclamation |
|
Definition
| Takes effect Jan. 1, 1863. Unlocks single greatest untapped resource for Union- the slaves. |
|
|
Term
| Militia Act of July 17, 1862 |
|
Definition
| Authorizes president to use African Americans for all uses he deems fit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Replaces McClellan. Declines offer at first b/c he knows he isn't capable but then accepts to avoid Hooker gaining control. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Replaces Burnside, begins his campaign April of 1963. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Battle where Lee was short-handed but Hooker had no cavalry. Hooker loses his nerve but Jackson wounded (later dies) during battle. 17,000 Union die, 13,000 Confederates die. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Was a political general who raised his own troops. Sent for the Vicksburg campaign; gets in the way a lot. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leads the navy at Vicksburg, says he will cooperate only if Sherman does the planning, not McClernand. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Very well protected. Porter runs batteries at night after many failed attempts, Sherman fakes attack at bluff while Porter shuttles troops so they are on top of bluffs, captured by Grant after he wins five other battles, capturing other forts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Union commander at Gettysburg. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Began with Heth's troops looking for shoes, fighting breaks out, lasts several days and is terribly violent, Union eventually wins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Change from the Minie ball- easier to manufacture and more effective, explodes outwardly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Authorized to attack Union position at Gettysburg if at all practical, blamed for not attacking even though this wasn't necessarily a bad choice. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Outmaneuvered and forced to fall back near Chatanooga. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Battle with Longstreet and Rosecrans, Rosecrans misreads the position and Confederates slip through a hole and rout Union troops. Rosecrans has to retreat into Tennessee. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blocks Sherman in very narrow place North of Chatanooga at Missionary Ridge battle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Grant recommends that troops make this march to Wilmington, utilizing the total war strategy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Recommends overland march to Wilmington |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Destroy everything that will help army/hurt Confederates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Commander of army of Potamac who didn't stomp out Lee's army after Gettysburg. Grant keeps him on board because he has a great relationship with the troops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Has army in the South that Sherman whoops up on. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Replaces Johnston because Johnston and Jefferson Davis don't get along. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Called the best division commander I ever saw by Grant. Watches D.C. by Grant's appointment. Really good officer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Very effective in convincing people continuing to fight is no longer sensible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arrested a core commander who was a day late. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Union armies march through DC and large numbers of people come out to watch. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 20,000 soldiers have to cover 750,000 miles, is tough because of loss of Lincoln. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Program where the federal government helps slaves transition to freedom, helping with literacy and re-uniting families. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Head of Freedmen's Bureau |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Replaces Lincoln, lots of disagreements with Radical Republicans. Is a Southern former slave-holder, has poor people skills and is a states rights advocate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Either because they are vengeful or sincerely want equal rights for blacks, fight for their rights and clash with Johnson. |
|
|
Term
| Reconstruction Act of 1867 |
|
Definition
| Passed over president's veto, this bill divided the South into 5 military districts which would oversee re-entry of Southern states. Wouldn't let Southern states in until they gave blacks voting rights, approved the 11th, 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, disavowed debts from Confederacy, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Says that president can't dismiss members of cabinet without Congress' consent. Johnson tests this by dismissing secretary of war Stanton, Congress impeaches him, one vote short of removing him from office. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Says that president has to give orders to commanding general. Effect is that Grant filters Johnson's orders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To avoid the advantage of Indian ponies (they survive on grass), U.S. army attacks during the winter when grass is frozen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Strategy used to box Indians in, get them back in Reservations. Army wants to avoid large battles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leads 1/3 of troops at Little Bighorn. Pushes his men into marching all night to try to get to Indians first. His assault is further divided into 3 parts, 2/3 of these are repelled, huge losses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Struck first at Little Bighorn, is isolated because of bad communication and Custer's bluster. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leads 1/3 of troops at Little Bighorn. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Nez Perce in the Pacific Northwest. His people took great pride in their peacefulness but forced to fight when settlers abuse their rights. Leads people on incredible 11 week 2100 mile march and captured one days' march away from Canada/safety. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Best Indian fighter. Loved being on the frontier, hunted on a mule, great student of the Indians. Wears proper clothing during summer, hires trackers from other tribes, campaigns for long haul, is truthful to Indians which earns their respect. |
|
|
Term
| Logan, Butler, McClernand |
|
Definition
| Attack West Point's reputation. Logan is good officer, other two are awful. Wanted to dissolve West Point. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Without wars/ships to protect, navy/army has crisis of mission. Military begins to push their men as professionals- warfare is too serious and dangerous for civilian control. Purpose of peacetime army is to prepare for war. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Behind professionalism movement, is the face of peacetime military progress. Establishes new schools for artillery, engineering, infantry/cavalry. |
|
|
Term
| Infantry and Cavalry School |
|
Definition
| Established in 1881, This school provided the first opportunity for officers and troops to train with infantry, cavalry, and even artillery. Included mock battles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Runs the Infantry and Cavalry School, chose his instructors very carefully. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Very intellectual, best instructor at the Infantry and Cavalry School |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Establishes the format for orders issued: Situation, Mission, Execution, Administration Support, Command Chain. Divided into five paragraphs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sherman protege who graduates from Infantry and Cavalry School. Becomes major general. Writes Military Policy of the United States. |
|
|
Term
| Military Policy of the United States |
|
Definition
| Written by Upton, never published at first because Upton dies. Argues that the purpose of peacetime armies is to prepare for war, claims that lives and money would be saved by giving more to peacetime military. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Because militia has a stigma attached to it, NY renames themselves this and it catches on. |
|
|
Term
| Morrill Land Grant College Act |
|
Definition
| Allows each state to sell frontier land to provide funds for agriculture, mechanics, military training. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sent to North Greenland to do reporting and was an alleged cannibal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An uneducated but brilliant man, becomes the chief engineer of the Navy, is an expert on steam, solved long vs. short cut off debate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Designed by Isherwood, this was a revolutionary ship. He built the hull around the engine and altered engine vibrations so a thin hull could exist. Traveled quickly and for long distances- was the fastest ship in the world for twenty years. Was disclaimed by board because it defied contemporary wisdom. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| New vessels built with steel hulls, had big rifle guns and powerful steam engines in addition to sails. These boats mark the coming of the New Navy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Construction undergone to avoid European domination of oceans. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Creates Naval War College, opened in 1881. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Established in 1881, teaches naval officers to think strategically and also teaches tactics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History, instructor at Naval Academy. |
|
|
Term
| The Influence of Sea Power Upon History |
|
Definition
| Takes from Chambers ideas, points out that Navy must be capable of fighting on offensive in addition to defensive, that Navy has different goals than the Army, primary objective of Navy is to control sea lanes, calls for a two ocean navy and for Panama canal and for colonies for fueling stations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to Mahan, naval supports and needs colonies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Whipped people into a frenzy, called for war in want of stories. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A great soldier who was against the Spanish-American war |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Assistant secretary of the navy, orders the fleet to be ready to assume offensive against the Philippines colonies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Naval commander in Philippines, obeys Roosevelt's orders and fights at Manila Bay |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Naval battle, 381 Spanish casualties to 9 U.S. casualties. Spanish fleet surrenders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Incompetent secretary of war during Spanish-American war. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Commanding general during Spanish-American war, calls for huge increase in troops, is very outspoken and political |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Group of 3,000 special troops approved for Spanish-American War. Combination of Ivy League men, cowboys, and West Point men. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Commander of the Rough Riders though it was Roosevelt's brain child. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Commander of whole operation, immensely fat, has tons of logistics problems even though he's a good soldier. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leads unauthorized charge at Las Guasimas, lots of losses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Charge led uphill by overeager Wheeler, succeeds eventually, heavy losses though. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leads the charge up Kettle Hill- black regiments meet him at top. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spanish are dug in here but are at the actual crest instead of the military crest, allowing Americans to take hill. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Letter sent to the president that was leaked to the press telling the president of the Yellow fever issue. Calls for soldiers to be replaced by volunteer units. Embarrasses Mckinnley. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Black volunteer units sent to replace people infected by Yellow fever, thinking that they were immune (they weren't). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leader of nationalist Philippine movement. Was paid to be exiled, uses money to buy weapons and returns to cooperate with U.S. hoping that Philippines could be independent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Comes up with a concept that leads to capture of Auginaldo; Filipino scouts take Funston in as "prisoner", this ruse used to capture Auginaldo. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1908, U.S. gives Spain $20 million for Guam, Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| States that the U.S. has no territorial aspirations with Cuba |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Opposes the annexation of colonies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Largest of Southernmost islands in the Philippines. Is occupied by the Moros. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A warlike Muslim sect in the Philippines. Great fighters- those who fight against them become a sort of elite club in the army. .38 guns are useless against them, forced to develop .45 guns. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Earns reputation fighting the Moros, Moros love/hate him because he is a great fighter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| U.S. army serves canned beef which is not good/makes people sick. Media seizes on this. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sham of a committee, were assigned to question incompetence during Spanish-American war but couldn't question the secretary of war's role. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Replaces Alger as secretary of war. Knew nothing about the military but ended up being the best secretary of war ever. Chosen because he was a great lawyer and Mckinley wanted someone to write constitutions for newly conquered areas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the officers Root consulted to help learn about military. Later writes the G.I. Bill of Rights. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Discovers three fundamental problems in the army: education, command and control, and the civilian component. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Secretary of war when Schofield was commanding general- they had great relations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Focused on three areas- education, command and control, and civilian components. Included the General Staff Act, the Dick Act, and the creation of the Army War College. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Command and control component of Root reform. Creates a chief of staff to preside over the general staff. This coordinates the actions of the bureau and staff with the actually army on the line, creates accountability. Chief of staff is by definition the highest ranking officer in the army. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Education component of Root reforms. This new college trains people to think strategically, sends many straight into the general staff. |
|
|
Term
| Command and General Staff School |
|
Definition
| Name change from the Infantry and Cavalry School |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Allows National Guardsmen to be certified by a board for a rank in volunteer units which could be higher than their rank in the guard, standardized weapons, calls for National Guard to be first reserve of the U.S., officers assigned as inspector instructors within National Guard Units, allows National Guard officers to attend army schools, calls for joint maneuvers with army and National Guard. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Army physician who came up with treatment for Yellow fever. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Afflicted many troops in tropical areas, helped bring about medical advances. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gives U.S. right to interfere in Cuban affairs though still prohibiting colonization and annexation of Cuba. Gives U.S. right to purchase naval bases in the area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Calls for China, which has been partitioned economically by Europe, to embrace free trade. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Idea of the potential for the Chinese market to be vastly lucrative because of its huge population. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chinese rise up to throw off economic oppressors, long term effect is that U.S. troops are left in China. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Crook isolated from other two generals at Little Bighorn, attacked by Crazy Horse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Light Haired Indian, superb fighter, ambushes Crook at Rosebud and is leader of Sioux nation during Little Bighorn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blown up from inside when in the Cuban harbor. Blown up by Yellow Journalists, helps lead to the Spanish-American war |
|
|
