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| American Anti-Slavery Society (1833-1870) |
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| Abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, who advocated the immediate abolition of slavery. By 1838, the organization had more than 250,000 members across 1,350 chapters. |
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| American Colonization Society |
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| Reflecting the focus of early abolitionists on transporting freed blacks back to Africa, the organization established Liberia, a West-African settlement intended as a haven for emancipated slaves. |
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| Spanish slave ship dramatically seized off the coast of Cuba by the enslaved Africans aboard. The ship was driven ashore in Long Island and the slaves were put on trial. Former president John Quincy Adams argued their case before the Supreme Court, securing their eventual release. |
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| Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World (1829) |
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| Incendiary abolitionist track advocating the violent overthrow of slavery. Published by David Walker, a Southern-born free black. |
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| Region of the Deep South with the highest concentration of slaves. The “Black belt” emerged in the nineteenth century as cotton production became more profitable and slavery expanded south and west. |
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| Slave drivers who employed the lash to brutally “break” the souls of strong-willed slaves. |
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| Prohibited debate or action on antislavery appeals. Driven through the House by pro-slavery Southerners, the gag resolution passed every year for eight years, eventually overturned with the help of John Quincy Adams. |
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| West-African nation founded in 1822 as a haven for freed blacks, fifteen thousand of whom made their way back across the Atlantic by the 1860s. |
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| Originally drawn by surveyors to resolve the boundaries between Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania and Virginia in the 1760s, it came to symbolize the North-South divide over slavery. |
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| Narrative of the Life of Frederick Vivid autobiography of the escaped slave and renowned abolitionist Frederick Douglass. |
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| Nat Turner’s rebellion (1831) |
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| Virginia slave revolt that resulted in the deaths of sixty whites and raised fears among white Southerners of further uprisings. |
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| Call and response style of preaching that melded Christian and African traditions. Practiced by African slaves in the South. |
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| The Liberator (1831-1865) |
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| Antislavery newspaper published by William Lloyd Garrison, who called for the immediate emancipation of all slaves. |
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| West Africa Squadron (established 1808) |
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| British Royal Navy force formed to enforce the abolition of the slave trade in 1807. It intercepted hundreds of slave ships and freed thousands of Africans. |
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| New York free black woman who fought for emancipation and women’s rights |
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| Escaped slave and great black abolitionist who fought to end slavery through political action |
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| Wealthy New York abolitionist merchant whose home was ransacked by a proslavery mob in 1834 |
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| Illinois editor whose death at the hands of a mob made him an abolitionist martyr |
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| Black abolitionist writer who called for a bloody end to slavery in an appeal of 1829 |
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| Black abolitionist who visited West Africa in 1859 to examine sites where African Americans might relocate |
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| Free black whose failed attempt to lead a slave revolt in Charleston, South Carolina, led to the execution of more than thirty of his followers |
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| Leader of the Lane Rebels who wrote the powerful antislavery work American Slavery As It Is |
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| Visionary black preacher whose bloody slave rebellion in 1831 tightened the reins of slavery in the South |
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| Author of an abolitionist novel that portrayed the separation of slave families by auction |
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| Leading radical abolitionist who burned the Constitution as “a covenant with death and an agreement with hell” |
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| New England patrician and Garrison follower whose eloquent attacks on slavery earned him the title “abolition’s golden trumpet” |
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| Former president who won the Amistad rebellious slaves’ freedom and fought for the right to discuss slavery in Congress |
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| British evangelical Christian reformer who in 1833 achieved the emancipation of slaves in the British West Indies |
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| Inventor of a machine for extracting seeds from cotton that revolutionized the southern economy |
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