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| A joint stock company. Consisted of two different parts: Virginia company of Plymouth and the Virginia Company of London. Virginia company of London many conducted business around the Chesapeake area. |
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| An Englishmen who came to the James town in the 1610’s. He also married Pocahontas in 1614, also known as the first inter-racial marriage between Indians and English. He also brought over a strain of tobacco that would grow in the Virginia climate. His marriage also brought some peace between the Indians and the Colonists. |
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| Consisted of 30 different Indian nations. The confederacy as a whole contained over 24,000 Indians. Settled mostly within the Chesapeake area. First lead by Powhatan. Sought mostly to live peacefully with colonists. |
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| Younger brother of Powhatan. Extremely well trained warrior who held distain for the English colonists. Became chief of Powhatan Confederacy after Powhatan’s death. Shortly after that, he began raids on English towns in efforts to reduce English expansion. |
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| Happened during the 1620’s – 1640’s. This event characterizes the great movement of the Puritans from England to the New England colonies. This mostly happened due to the religious oppression they experienced within England. These puritan colonists would the go to develop colonies that while they were economically superior and more healthy, were filled with religious zealots. |
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| The business of shipping goods across the Atlantic. This business took off within New England mostly due to the high production of goods within those colonies. The Dutch and the Spanish, who had the resources to do such a thing, were the main pioneers of this practice. Much of the success of the New England colonies was due to access to this trade. |
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| These towns mostly consisted of Indians who were forcibly converted to Puritanism. These Indians were either from tribes that were too small to defend themselves from the Colonists or were captured by the colonists. The Indians would have to live exactly like the puritans, meaning they would have to completely abandon their way of life. |
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| Began in 1675 as a response to the English Expansion. They start off by ransacking over half of the Colonists towns, in which 12 towns were completely destroyed. Colonists could not find the Indians who attacked them, so they acquired Indian allies to help track these men. Though by 1676, the Colonists gain the upper hand due to lack of supplies within Indian ranks. Eventually, an agreement is made between the Indians and English and peace is made. |
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| English explorer during 16th and early 17th century. Under the Dutch East India Company, he explored around the region of the modern day New York metropolitan area. Eventually explored the Hudson river, which would become the foundation of the Dutch Colonization of that region. |
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| A series of alliances and treaties involving the Iroqouis Confederacy, the British colonies of North America, and several other smaller Indian Tribes. These treaties and councils concerned colonial settlement, trade, and acts of violence between the colonists and Indian tribes from the Colony of Virginia to New England. |
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| A redemptioner is someone who would, in order to gain passage to the colonies, would sell themselves as an Indentured Servant. These people would often be poor Europeans with a criminal history looking for a chance to redeem themselves. However, they could only go to the colonies in Pennsylvania. This is because the Pennsylvania colonies would accept indentured servants with a criminal history. |
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| an Angolan African held as an indentured servant by a merchant in the Colony of Virginia in 1620, but later freed to become a successful tobacco farmer and owner. Notably, he was the first to hold a black African servant as a slave in the mainland American colonies. Upon his death in 1670 a court ruled that he was "a negro and by consequence, an alien", and the colony seized his land. |
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| A person who owes an individual years of their life. Usually consisting of a contract of 4-7 years, these people live on the bare minimum as far as living standards. Though once they serve the time, they are presented freedom dues. They include: new set of clothes, new set of tools, tobacco seeds, and 50 acres of land. Though if these workers are caught acting out, time is added to the contract. |
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| Establish in 1732, it is known as the last English colony. This particular colony was different from most, since it completely banned slavery. This is because the founder of the colony, James Oglethorpe, fundamentally disagreed with slavery. However, this lead to severe economic trouble for the colony in later years. Few debtors arrived due to parliamentary restrictions and immigration was slow due to restrictions set by Oglethorpe himself. By 1750, slavery became legal. |
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One of the earliest known organized rebellions in the present United States, the uprising was led by native Africans who were Catholic and likely from the Kingdom of Kongo, which had been Catholic since 1491. Some of the Kongolese spoke Portuguese. Their leader, Jemmy (referred to in some reports as "Cato", and probably a slave belonging to the Cato, or Cater, family who lived just off the Ashley River and north of the Stono River) was a literate slave who led 20 other enslaved Kongolese, who may have been former soldiers, in an armed march south from the Stono River (for which the rebellion is named).
They recruited nearly 60 other slaves and killed 22–25 whites before being intercepted by the South Carolina militia near the Edisto River. In that battle, 20 whites and 44 slaves were killed, and the rebellion was largely suppressed. A group of slaves escaped and traveled another 30 miles (50 km) before battling a week later with the militia. Most of the captured slaves were executed; a few survived to be sold to the West Indies.
In response to the rebellion, the South Carolina legislature passed the Negro Act of 1740 restricting slave assembly, education and movement. It also enacted a 10-year moratorium against importing African slaves, and established penalties against slaveholders' harsh treatment of slaves. It required legislative approval for manumissions, which slaveholders had previously been able to arrange privately. |
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| The English Navigation Acts were a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England (after 1707 Great Britain) and its colonies, a process which had started in 1651. Their goal was to force colonial development into lines favourable to England, and stop direct colonial trade with the Netherlands, France and other European countries. The original ordinance of 1651 was renewed at the Restoration by Acts of 1660 and 1663, and subsequently subject to minor amendment. These Acts also formed the basis for British overseas trade for nearly 200 years. |
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| The middle passage was the brutal and often fatal slave journey from Africa to the Americas. While the Colonists were once of English origin, the fact of the matter is that they were major proponents of slavery. |
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| (1765-1766) A law that obliged Americans to purchase and use specially marked or stamped paper for newspapers, customs documents, wills, contracts, and other public legal documents. Violators faced prosecution in vice-admiralty courts, without juries. This act was a form of internal tax that would be levied on property, goods, and services in the colonies. Many colonists believed they were being taxed without representation. They believed this act represented the Parliament’s indifference to their interests and the shallowness of virtual representation. |
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| An Englishman who had immigrated to the colonies in 1774. He was a man with radical politics and a plan to make his voice heard. He was the first to say that the Monarchy was an institution that was dangerous to liberty. He also called the King a royal brute. He also argued that America did not need the ties to the English Government, saying that America was already quite self-sufficient. |
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| The pamphlet published in January 1776 by radical author Thomas Paine. This publication, only about 50 pages long, summed up most of the pro-independence arguments at the time. It sold over 100,000 copies within the first 3 months. By the spring of 1776, the publication had dissolved lingering allegiance to George III and removed the last psychological barrier to independence. |
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