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History 7 CH 1-4
Adams Jacob
60
History
Undergraduate 1
09/16/2015
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Term
Like the Spanish, the French often intermarried with the Indians, resulting in mixed-race children.
 Definition
True
Term
Both the Aztec and Inca empires were:
 Definition
large, wealthy, and sophisticated.
Term
Europeans—particularly the English, French, and Dutch—generally claimed North American Indian land as their own based on:
 Definition
their view that Indians did not use the land properly
Term
According to Bartolomé de Las Casas:
 Definition
Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent people in the New World.
Term
The catastrophic decline in the native populations of Spanish America was mostly due to the fact that they were not immune to European diseases.
 Definition
True
Term
How did French involvement in the fur trade change life for Native Americans?
 Definition
The French were willing to accept Native Americans into colonial society.
Term
Why did the Portuguese begin exploration to find a water route to India, China, and the East Indies?
 Definition
to eliminate the Muslim “middlemen” in the luxury goods trade
Term
The Spanish aim was to exterminate or remove the Indians from the New World.
 Definition
False
Term
The Columbian Exchange was:
 Definition
the transatlantic flow of plants, animals, and germs that began after Christopher Columbus reached the New World.
Term
The Black Legend described:
 Definition
Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer.
Term
New France was characterized by:
 Definition
more-peaceful European-Indian relations than existed in New Spain.
Term
The Indians, although diverse, all seemed to observe religious ceremonies centered around hunting or farming.
 Definition
True
Term
Adam Smith recorded in 1776 that the “two greatest and most important” events in the history of mankind were the:
 Definition
discovery of America and the Portuguese sea route around Africa to Asia.
Term
Why did European exploration of the New World proceed so rapidly after Columbus’s discoveries?
 Definition
Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press enabled the rapid dissemination of information.
Term
African society did not practice slavery before Europeans came.
 Definition
False
Term
Nearly two-thirds of English settlers arrived as indentured servants.
 Definition
True
Term
English settlers believed land was the basis of liberty.
 Definition
True
Term
How did the Virginia Company reshape the colony’s development?
 Definition
It instituted the headright system, giving fifty acres of land to each colonist who paid for his own or another’s passage.
Term
The methods used in which one of the following countries anticipated policies England would undertake in America?
 Definition
Ireland
Term
Which one of the following is true about the early history of Jamestown?
 Definition
The death rate was extraordinarily high.
Term
In contrast to life in the Chesapeake region, life in New England:
 Definition
was more family oriented.
Term
Why was the death rate in early Jamestown so high?
 Definition
There was disease and a lack of food.
Term
Puritans viewed individual and personal freedom as:
 Definition
dangerous to social harmony and community stability.
Term
To entice settlers to Virginia, the Virginia Company established the headright system, which:
 Definition
provided land to settlers who paid their own passage.
Term
The Virginia Company accomplished its goals for the company and for its settlers.
 Definition
False
Term
Maryland was similar to Virginia in that:
 Definition
tobacco proved crucial to its economy and society.
Term
After the English Civil War, it was generally believed that freedom was the common heritage of all Englishmen.
 Definition
True
Term
What was Virginia’s “gold,” which ensured its survival and prosperity?
 Definition
tobacco
Term
Religious toleration violated the Puritan understanding of moral liberty.
 Definition
True
Term
Why did England consider Spain its enemy by the late 1500s?
 Definition
because of religious differences: England had officially broken with the Roman Catholic Church, while Spain was devoutly Catholic
Term
According to the economic theory known as mercantilism:
 Definition
the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power.
Term
What ironic consequence did William Penn’s generous policies, such as religious toleration and inexpensive land, have?
 Definition
They contributed to the increasing reliance of Virginia and Maryland on African slave labor.
Term
Parliament enacted a bill of rights on the completion of the Glorious Revolution.
 Definition
True
Term
Bacon’s Rebellion was caused by a conflict between blacks and whites in Virginia.
 Definition
False
Term
In which one of the following ways did England reduce colonial autonomy during the 1680s?
 Definition
It created the Dominion of New England, run by a royal appointee without benefit of an elected assembly.
Term
William Penn was a member of which religious group?
 Definition
Quakers
Term
According to New England Puritans, witchcraft:
 Definition
resulted from pacts that women made with the devil to obtain supernatural powers or interfere with natural processes.
Term
Which one of the following is true of the English West Indies in the seventeenth century?
 Definition
By the end of the century, the African population far outnumbered the European population on most islands.
Term
Race and racism are modern concepts and had not been fully developed by the seventeenth century.
 Definition
True
Term
Bacon’s Rebellion contributed to which of the following in Virginia?
 Definition
the replacing of indentured servants with African slaves on Virginia’s plantations
Term
What commodity drove the African slave trade in Brazil and the West Indies during the seventeenth century?
 Definition
sugar
Term
When England took over the Dutch colony that became New York:
 Definition
the English ended the Dutch tradition of allowing married women to conduct business in their own names.
Term
German immigrants greatly enhanced the ethnic and religious diversity of Britain’s colonies.
 Definition
True
Term
Anglicization meant that the colonial elites rejected all things British.
 Definition
True
Term
Which one of the following was true of small farmers in 1670s Virginia?
 Definition
The lack of good land and corrupt bargains between the governor and the wealthiest tobacco planters made making a living nearly impossible.
Term
John Peter Zenger’s libel trial:
 Definition
demonstrated that popular sentiment opposed prosecutions for criticism of public officials.
Term
The transatlantic slave trade was not a vital part of world commerce.
 Definition
True
Term
Which one of the following statements is NOT true of the slave trade in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world?
 Definition
Slightly more than half of slaves from Africa were taken to mainland North America (what became the United States).
Term
John Locke believed that slaves could not be considered as part of civil society.
 Definition
True
Term
Republicanism” in the eighteenth-century Anglo-American political world emphasized the importance of __________ as the essence of liberty.
 Definition
active participation in public life by property-owning citizens
Term
The French and Indian War began because some American colonists felt that:
 Definition
France was encroaching on land claimed by the Ohio Company.
Term
The religious emotionalism of the Great Awakening was confined to the American colonies in the mid-eighteenth century.
 Definition
False
Term
With the Peace of Paris of 1763, France increased its territory in North America.
 Definition
False
Term
The American version of the Enlightenment:
 Definition
had no impact on religion.
Term
John Locke’s political philosophy stressed:
 Definition
a contract system between the people and the government.
Term
Which one of the following was a consequence of the Seven Years’ War?
 Definition
strengthened pride among American colonists about being part of the British empire
Term
Which one of the following did NOT contribute to the expansion of the public sphere during the eighteenth century?
 Definition
the founding of the California missions
Term
Tobacco plantations in the Chesapeake region:
 Definition
helped make the Chesapeake colonies models of mercantilism.
Term
Initially, the proprietors of Georgia banned the introduction of both liquor and slaves.
 Definition
True
Term
Why was slavery less prevalent in the northern colonies?
 Definition
The small farms of the northern colonies did not need slaves.
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