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History 6-3
The Roman Empire
14
History
8th Grade
04/17/2012

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Term
Augustus Caesar's Accomplishments
Definition
  • name was Octavian, but he gave himself name Augustus meaning "majestic one"
  • rebuilt the city of Rome
  • patron of the arts
  • proconsuls could no longer exploit the provinces
  • publican tax collectors were replaced with permanent government employees
  • grain imported from North Africa so all Romans could be fed
  • new roads built and old roads repaired
  • boasted that he "found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble"
Term
Julio-Claudian Emperors (bad emperors)
Definition
  • 4 of them; each was a member of Augustus's famil
  • Tiberis- A.'s adopted son accused many innocent people of treason
  • Caligula- became mentally disturbed and killed by palace guard
  • Claudius- good scholar, had trouble focusing on affairs of state
  • Nero-cruel and insane; killed his wife and mother 
Term
The Good Emperors
Definition
  • Include: Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius
  • Good Emperors known for their skills as effective administrators and support of large building projects
  • Trajan- increased empire to greatest size
  • Hadrian- strenghtened Rome's frontiers-wall
  • Pius- prosperity
  • Aurelius- greatest economic prosperity
Term
Imperial Government
Definition
  • Augustus chose professional governors rather than letting Senate appoint inexperienced proconsuls every year
  • A. built new roads so that he could keep in touch with all parts of empire
  • A. personally inspected provinces frequently
  • A. served as chief priest of Rome 
Term
The Law
Definition
  • needed new laws that would apply to noncitizens
  • laws stressed authority of the state over the individual
  • accused person should be considered innocent until proven guilty

 

Term
Imperial Army
Definition
  • A. reduced the number of professional legions and recruited troops from provinces
  • Problem was that with only 300,000 troops, they could not defend such a huge border of 4,000 miles
  • People began to invade outside of the empire because they did not have protection for all of this land 
Term
Pax Romana
Definition
  • period of prosperity or Roman peace
  • boosted trade, raised standards of living, and generated many achievements in the arts

 

Term
Empire's Economy
Definition
  • artisans made pottery, woven cloth, blown glass, and jewelry for sale throughout the empire
  • silk cloth and spices came from China, India, and Southeast Asian countries
  • tin came from Britain, iron from Gaul, and lead from Spain
  • TRADE very important 
Term
Life During Pax Romana
Definition
  • economic prosperity brought about many changes
  • family changed- people had fewer children and were likley to divorce and remarry several times, fathers lost absolute power they had during republic, and women gained legal rights
  • society became less stable- lower classes could become wealthy and upper classes could go bankrupt
  • majority of Romans still poor, more people did become well off
Term
Public Amusements
Definition
  • poor did not rebel against government because it offered them free bread and free entertainment
  •  Romans celebrated 130 holidays/year
  • chariot races, gladiator fights were some of what entertained people at arenas
Term
Architecture
Definition
  • Circus Maximus- arena
  • Colosseum- stadium
  • Pantheon- temple for all the dieties, first time Romans mixed concrete
  •  Appian Way- first major Roman road that connected Rome and southeastern Italy
  • network of roads to link Rome with provinces
  • aqueducts- channel for carrying water
Term
Science/Engineering
Definition
  • Romans used discoveries of others and adapted them for their own needs
  • used Greek architecture
  • used Greek physician Galen's ideas to form basis of Roman medical science
  • used Egyptian astronomer Ptolemy's observations to form Roman astronomy

 

Term
Roman Education
Definition
  • wealthy boys and girls received private lessons at home
  • young men from wealthy families went on to academies to learn geometry, astronomy, philosophy, and oratory
  • women did not go to academies but studied at home
  • lower classes had basic knowledge of reading, writing, and arithmetic 
Term
Language and Literature
Definition
  • Latin was the common language
  • Cicero-speeches
  • Ovid- wrote Metamorphoses based on Greek mythology
  • Horace- poet wrote about shortness of life and rewards of companionship in Odes
  • Virgil- wrote Aeneid, an epic poem
  • Livy- wrote history of Rome 
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