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History 6-1
The Roman Republic
15
History
8th Grade
04/04/2012

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Term
Etruscans
Definition
  • ruled Northern Italy
  • society consisted of wealthy overlords, aristocratic priests, and a slave labor force made up of conquered peoples
  • wealthy overlords enslaved these peoples to provide themselves with comforts, and aristrocratic priests sacrificed prisoners of war or forced them to duel to their death to appease angry gods 
Term
Patricians
Definition
  • the new wealthy class who had come into power under Etruscan rule
  •  Once the Etruscan rulers were driven out, the patricians declared Rome a republic

 

Term
Republic
Definition
  • a community in which the people elect their own leaders
  • the patricians organized Rome's government into executive and legislative branches
Term
Plebeians
Definition
  • most of Rome's inhabitants fell into this class
  • these were: wealthy nonaristrocratic townspeople and landowners as well as merchants, shopkeepers, small farmers, and laborers 
Term
Rights in the Republic
Definition
  • Both plebeians and patricians had the right to vote and responsibilites such as paying taxes and serving in the military
  • ***However, plebeians COULD NOT hold public office like patricians could

 

Term
Consuls
Definition
  • two patrician officials who were elected for one-year terms  
  • they had to consult each other before acting
  • either consul could veto the other's decisions
Term
Dictator
Definition
  • a leader whose word was law
  • dictator could over-rule consuls
  • dictators only temporarily appointed in times of crisis
Term
How did plebeians improve their political and social standing?
Definition
  • plebeians resented their lack of power in the new republic because they knew the patricians could not maintain the republic without them
  • the plebeians refused to fight in the Roman army unless the patricians met their demands for change
  • the patricians recognized the plebians' chosen representatives (tribunes) and granted them legal protections and the right to veto government decisions
  • patricians also recognized Assembly of Tribes, body of plebeians who elected the tribunes
  • enslavement for debt was ended and marriage between patricians and plebeians was allowed
Term
The Twelve Tables
Definition
  • most significant plebeian victory was the creation of a written law code
  • Roman law was mostly based on unwritten traditions that patrician judges used to favor their class
  • Plebeians wanted laws to be applied fairly and insisted that laws be written down so they were not unfairly interpreted to benefit patrician class
  • laws engraved on 12 bronze tables in Forum for all to see
  • established principle that all free citizens had a right to the law's protection 
Term
Religion
Definition
  • Early Romans worshipped nature spirits
  • Romans were influenced heavily by Greek culture
  • They borrowed Greek dieties and gave them Roman names and Greek characteristics or looks 
Term
Family
Definition
  • family was the basic unit of Roman society
  • households were large- they included all unmarried children, married sons and their families, all dependent relatives, and household slaves

 

Term
Father's Role
Definition
  • father was absolute head of household
  • he conducted religious ceremonies, controlled property, supervised education of sons
  • he also had power to sell family members into slavery, or kill them
  • felt deep sense of responsibility for welfare of all family members
Term
Women's Roles
Definition
  • Roman wives acted as hostesses for parties, did marketing, and ran households with little to no interference
  • Some women did aquire their own property and business
  • wealthy women, with slaves to do work, could study Greek literature, arts, and fashions
  • lower-class women spent their time doing household tasks and in family-run shops 
Term
Roman Children
Definition
  • parents taught children reading, writing, and moral standards
  • boys trained by fathers to be farmers and soldiers
  • mothers taught daughters how to run households 
Term
Roman Values
Definition
  • Thrift, discipline, self-sacrifice, and devotion to the family and republic- these were traditional Roman values of both the rich and poor
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