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History 207
Midterm 1 - Puritans -> Horace Mann
53
History
Undergraduate 2
10/21/2009

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Term
Who founded Harvard? What college was it modeled after?
Definition
The Puritans. It was modeled after Cambridge
Term
What was the curriculum in the Boston Latin School?
Definition
Start at age 8, study 6-8 years, Greek, Latin, Hebrew
Term
Who taught at Harvard?
Definition
Ministers
Term
What was the curriculum at Harvard?
Definition
Logic, physics, geometry, arithmetic, astronomy, rhetoic (GE)
Term
What was the Puritans belief on whose responsibility it was to teach the children?
Definition
Family 1st, Church 2nd
Term
Who was taught to read in Puritan Massachusetts?
Definition
Both boys and girls
Term
What was the Massachusetts Compulsory Ed. Law?
Definition
Mandated by colonial legislature to require the head of every family to teach all children in home
Term
What was the "Old Deluder Satan Act"
Definition
Belief was Satan wanted Christians ignorant, esp. of Bible. Required communities of 50 or more must assign a teacher to community. Teachers paid by community, begins public elementary school.
Term
What were the Quakers known for in education?
Definition
Equality
Term
Where were the Quakers located mainly?
Definition
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Term
Who had teachers trained for the first time in America?
Definition
The Quakers
Term
Who were the first to educate the free blacks?
Definition
The Quakers
Term
What were the two main results of the influence of the Great Awakening in education?
Definition
There became a focus on how you deliver the message. "Log College" was opened for lower class citizens, Ivy League schools were created.
Term
Which two essays greatly infleunced englightment thinking?
Definition
John Locke's Two Treatises (on civil gov.) and Montesquiou's Spirit of the Laws
Term
What governing idea was rejected in the Enlightenment era?
Definition
The divine right of kings
Term
Describe the main idea/points of Deism:
Definition
Natural laws operate because creator initiated them. God is a watchmaker/clockworker. Religious tolerance and free-thinking stressed. No sacred scripture/churches
Term
Who wrote the Encylopedia?
Definition
Denis Dierot
Term
Describe John Locke's general educational philosophy:
Definition
Children are a blank slate, all talents are learned. Learning through sense and direct personal experience
Term
Describe Jean-Jacques Rousseau's general educational philosophy:
Definition
Children born inherently good. Learn through nature, expose to books at 8.
Term
During the enlightenment what did Benjamin Franklin open in Philadelphia in 1751 and what was its purpose?
Definition
Bj's "Academy", to train govt. officials
Term
Who were the 3 main educational proponents after the Revolutionary war?
Definition
Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Rush, Noah Webster
Term
What did Jefferson see as the purpose of education?
Definition
Educating citizens to make informed voting decisions about the country.
Term
How would Jefferson plan to have education funded (and at what level?)
Definition
Public funding at a county level
Term
How would jefferson incorportate the Bible in education?
Definition
No integration, keep secular
Term
Who founded the state-supported University of Virginia?
Definition
Jefferson
Term
Who's plan for education in Pennsylvania was a model (or wanted to be) for all of America's schools?
Definition
Benjamin Rush's
Term
How would education be paid for under Rush's ideas?
Definition
Public funding through taxes, state help through selling land
Term
What was the purpose of education for Rush?
Definition
To unify the country, promote patriotism and unity.
Term
Who believed there should be teacher training in colleges and universities?
Definition
Benjamin Rush
Term
What was Rush's belief on incorporating the Bible in education?
Definition
For it, to help keep moral and religious values to maintain order.
Term
What two books did Noah Webster become famous for writing?
Definition
The dictionary and the Blueback Speller
Term
What was the purpose of education under Webster?
Definition
Unity, create stable & moral society, and to train citizens (Jefferson + Rush)
Term
Who believed "every citizen should know and love the laws"
Definition
Noah Webster
Term
Who believed teachers should be moral and professional?
Definition
Noah Webster
Term
What did Noah Webster belief in the area of how equal education should be?
Definition
He believed everyone should be educated equally
Term
When did Federal Support for education begin?
Definition
Under the articles of confederation, using sale of Northwest territory land for schools
Term
Why was the Constitution created? (Why did Articles of Confedartion fail?)
Definition
States had too much power, federal was effectively powerless
Term
Whose proposal was called the "Virginia Plan" and had House of Reps chosen by states pop, senate chosen by House of Reps?
Definition
James Madison
Term
Whose proposal was called the "New Jersey Plan" and had equal state reps with unicam congress power tax & regulate commerce?
Definition
William Paterson
Term
What was the reason for growth in the common school?
Definition
Industrialization and immigration
Term
What were the goals of common school?(3)
Definition
Provide free education for every child, trained education professional, state control over local schools
Term
Which states led the way in reform?
Definition
New England, New York, Pennsylvania
Term
What was New York city's program called that incorporated secular education for all socio-economic classes, publically funded and run by state in 1825?
Definition
Free School Society
Term
What were the few significant changes when primary schools became common shcools in 1820s and 1830s?
Definition
Concept of grades (boston), 8 year elementary school, most teachers were women
Term
What was the standard reading text in many schools (introd in 1836)?
Definition
McGuffey's Eclectic Reader
Term
Who had problems with Pennsylvania's Free School law of 1834(indrod state desire for universal common schools)?
Definition
Quakers, Lutherans, Germans (problem with religion & language being taught)
Term
What were the main results of the "Common School" movement? (6)
Definition
Emphasis on standardization of 'basics', state overseeing curriculum, qualifications for teachers, local tax funding, literacy & attendance rates increates greatly, English lang as primary & American culture/politcal values emphasized
Term
Who was the greastest American educational reformer in Antebellum 19th Century America?
Definition
Horace Mann
Term
What were the main recommendations Horace Mann made for education?
Definition
Students of similar age in classes, school buildings improved, wanted to raise taxes for funding, doubled teacher salaries, less physical punishment
Term
What was the impact of Horace Mann on education? (2)
Definition
Influenced lawmakers to consider improvements on education, greater emphasis on accountability of school and teachers
Term
Why was Catholic Elementary education created?
Definition
Roman Catholics in US disturbed by Protestant bias in public schools
Term
Who helped create the Independent Catholic school system in 1840 in NYC?
Definition
Bishop John Hughes
Term
What was the first highschool & when was it opened?
Definition
In boston in 1821 as English Classical School
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