Term
| Who was Secretary of State Under Wilson? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the Main Key Points Wilson did to keep his Presidency? |
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Definition
| Personally addressed Congress, Wanted to reform many things like tariffs, held press conferences to let the country know what is going on. |
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Term
| What Act Reduced Tariffs in 1913? |
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Definition
| Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act and income tax would bring money back that was lost. |
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Term
| Whad did the Federal Reserve Act do? |
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Definition
| Banks have to belong to the federal reserve to be backed up. 6% of revenue went to the Reserve. |
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Term
| What was the Federal Trade Commision Act? |
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Definition
| Regulated inter-state commerce. |
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Term
| What was the Clayton Anti Trust Act? |
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Definition
| Farming was exempt. It defined a monoploly. Worked better than Sherman's Anti Trust Act. |
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Term
| What was the Federal Farm Loan Act? |
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Definition
| Laons through the Reserve for Agriculture. |
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Term
| What is the Smith Silver Act? |
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Definition
| Funds for agricultural extensions. |
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Term
| What was Wilson's Legacy? |
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Definition
| Most comprehensive program since Hamilton, federal government is involved in lives. |
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Term
| What is Wilson's Weakness? |
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Definition
| Foreign Affairs. Mexico and US alliances become strained. |
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Term
| What were the factors that led to the War in Europe? |
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Definition
Nationalism: Who is dominant?
Imperialism: Rivalry for countries.
Alliances: Triple Entente: France, Rushia, and Britian. Central Powers: Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Germany
Militarism: Arms race. |
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Term
| What finally brought on US involvement in World War 1? |
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Definition
| The 1914 Depression needed global trade to bring economy back. If we send supplies to one country we need to send to another to honor Neutrality. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gave freedom to the president to wage the war. |
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Term
| What happened in the Election of 1916? |
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Definition
Republican: Charles Hughes.
Democrat: Woodrow Wilson. "He kept us out of war" |
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Term
| How did Roosevelt feel when it came to other countries? |
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Definition
| Believed there was an important distinction between "civilized" and "uncivilized" nations. A civilized society had the right and duty to intervene in the affairs of a "backwards" nation preserve order and stability. |
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Term
| What was the Great White Fleet? |
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Definition
| The 16 battleships that the US sent around to Japan to prove they have become the dominant naval power. |
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Term
| What is the "Roosevelt Corally"? |
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Definition
| It's an addition to the Monroe Doctrine. The US had a right to intervene in neighbooring countries if unable to maintain order. |
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Term
| Who were the dominant leaders in WWI? |
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Definition
| Germany and Great Britain |
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Term
| What were the Germans using as a war tactic? |
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Definition
| Submarine warfare and the US found this barbaric. |
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Term
| What was the Zimmerman Telegram? |
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Definition
| British intercepted this between a German minister to the Mexican government asking for their help with promise that they could fight the US. |
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Term
| What brought Wilson to declare war and when did he? |
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Definition
| The Zimmerman Telegram. Declared on April 6th |
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Term
| What was one of the problems at the start of WWI? |
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Definition
| There was not enough people for the army. First National Draft. |
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Term
| What were some of the new technologies of WWI? |
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Definition
| Trench warfare, improved machine guns, poisonous gas, airplanes, and SUMBARINES. |
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Term
| What was helping raise money for WWI? |
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Definition
| Liberty Bonds and new taxes |
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Term
| What finally helped fund and organize WWI war needs? |
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Definition
| A series of "war boards" and the War Industries Board coordinated government purchases of military supplies without hurting the economy. |
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Term
| How did the media play in WWI? |
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Definition
| Committee of Public Information supervised distributed newspapers. There was a lot of propoganda displaying the savegery of the Germans. |
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Term
| What was the Espionage Act? |
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Definition
| These were new tools to combat spying, sabotage, or obstruction of the war. |
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Term
| What were the Sabotage Act and the Sedition Act of 1918? |
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Definition
| Expanded the meaning of the Espionage Act, this made and public expression of opposition to war illegal. |
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Term
| Who were the frequent targets of the new legislation in 1918? |
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Definition
| Socialist Party and the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) |
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Term
| What is the "Sussex Pledge"? |
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Definition
| This meant that submarines had to warn ships to let their passengers out before sinking. |
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Term
| What did Germany declare in 1917? |
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Definition
| They declared the Atlantic a war zone and they would shoot anyone down. |
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Term
| What did the US declare themselves as in WWI? |
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Definition
| As an "Associate" didn't joine either side. |
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Term
| Who said "War is the health of the state" and what did he mean by this? |
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Definition
-Randolph Bourne.
-Meant this as when the US got into the war, the economy rose and people were able to form together. |
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Term
| How were African-Americans involved in WWI? |
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Definition
| Under John J. Pershing the 369th regiment were black troops. Some were integrated, but not usually. |
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Term
| What did Wilson draw up to end the war? |
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Definition
| His Fourteen Points which included the League of Nations. |
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Term
| How was the Fourteen Points recepted? |
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Definition
| Germany agreed, but France and England did not. Wilson refused to negotiate. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cease fire was signed on Nevermber 11th 1918 |
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Term
| What happened at the Versailles Conference? |
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Definition
| Germany didn't really have a say. Wilsond drew out the treaty, but the Republicans didn't ratify it. So all of the other countries did waht they were told besides the US. |
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Term
| What was decided after the Versailles conference? |
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Definition
| The colonies were changed and a new map of Europe was carved out. League of Nations did not form. |
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Term
| What happened in the US after the war when it came to sickness? |
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Definition
| There was the worse Influenza Epedemic in US History. Killed about 675,0000 people. |
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Term
| What happened directly after the war in relation to economy and US life? |
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Definition
| There was a retreat of troops from overseas. There was a recession as soldiers came back needing jobs. There was an intolerant nationalism. |
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Term
| What was the "Great Unrest" in 1919 after WWI? |
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Definition
| There was a demobolization of the army. People were dissapointed with the Versailles Treaty and Wilson. Irish were upset because it didn't take Britain out of Northern Ireland. African-Americans didn't get rights after the war. |
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Term
| What was the Great Migration after WW1? |
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Definition
| Most people, specially african Americans, moved to the North or West. |
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Term
| What were some of the strikes in 1919 and what happened afterwards? |
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Definition
Seattle General Strike
Boston Police Strke
Steel Strike
Coal Strike
Finally most unions were stopped. |
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Term
| Who was the Red Scare directed at? |
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Definition
| Supposed Communists and Economic Radicals |
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Term
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Definition
| These were riots against supposed communists. |
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Term
| Who was A. Mitchell Palmer? |
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Definition
| He was the head during the Red Scare, arrested five thousand people. |
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Term
| What was the paradox of the 20's? |
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Definition
| It was a happy time, but the KKK was also trying to get rid of "Non-Americans". |
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Term
| What was the important aspect of the 1920's? |
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Definition
| Rise of mass culture and consumption |
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Term
| What was mass culture of the 1920's? |
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Definition
| Radio and Motion Pictures, mass sproting events, rise of celebrities, movies, automobiles, "Fordism", 1 in 6 owned a vheicle, changd sex habits |
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Term
| What did Mass Consumption lead to? |
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Definition
| Unconnected to family values, commercialization of America, Advertizing seduces Americans into buying. |
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Term
| Why was the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade important? |
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Definition
| This kicked off Christmas spending which stimulated the economy. |
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Term
| What else did the 20's give rise to in the family? |
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Definition
| There was more divorce and smaller families as contraceptions began to be used. |
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Term
| What did Cultural Feminism give rise to? |
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Definition
| Women began to work more though in traditional women forces (social workers), began to go to college, use of Birth Control, and there was a stereotype of these women "flapper" |
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Term
| What were some of the important thoughts and artists in the 20's? |
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Definition
Art theories: Cubism, Daism
Literature: James Joyce, Marcel Proust, TS Elliot. |
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Term
| What were some of the changes in religion in the 20's? |
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Definition
| Social Darwinism became very important. Einstein began asking is there a God?. Pragmatism rose: How does it work? |
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Term
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Definition
| Fear of anything different, the KKK held this. |
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Term
| Why did the KKK Decline in the 20's? |
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Definition
No political platform
Urgency removed
Leadership splits
Finance and sexual scandals |
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Term
| What was the Monkey Trial of 1925? |
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Definition
John T Scopes tried teaching Evolution in a public classroom. William Jennings Bryan testified for religion. Clarence Darrow testified for evolution.
Though Scopes lost people begin to question society. |
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Term
| What was the 18th Ammendment? |
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Definition
Prohibited the manufacture of alcohol.
Failed, but drinking did decrease
Rich didn't follow the law. |
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Term
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Definition
| created the UNIA to move Blacks back to Africa where they want to be. |
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Term
| What was the Cultural Paradox of the 1920's? |
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Definition
| It was an age of Intolerance and yet the the "Jazz" Age grew and the Harlem Rennaisance. |
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Term
| What was the Sacco and Vanzetti Case? |
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Definition
| They were Italians and though they had no evidence against them, they were still sentanced to death. These type of cases brought down immigration. |
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Term
| What did Nationalism lead to in reference to the world Economy? |
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Definition
| The government rained the tariffs higher because of an intlerance for foreign goods |
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Term
| Why did women get the vote in the 20's? |
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Definition
| They supported prohibition. |
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Term
| What was Harding's administration like? |
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Definition
He was very un-presidential, was a good pick of character, there were scandals.
Teapot Dome Scandal:
Loans for leasing public lands for aid
Short term, eventually died. |
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Term
| What was Coolige's Administration like? |
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Definition
| Easily won in 1924. Called Silent Cal. Didn't want to run again. |
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Term
| What was the start of the Hoover Administration like? |
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Definition
| Organized, but he didn't understand politics well. Firm believer in Laissez-Faire |
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Term
| What does democracy rest on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the important factors that led to the Depression? |
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Definition
-Agriculture went down, there was an over production
-Maldistribution on Wealth: The rich had most of the money. Middle class was dissapearing.
-Foreign Trade- Everybody was in debt.
-Margin buying; borrow money to invest and having to pay back loan. |
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Term
| What happened to the African Americans during the Depression? |
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Definition
| Black unemployment went up, 50% of African Americans were out of a job. |
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Term
| Who were the Scottsboro Boys? |
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Definition
| 9 African Americans convicted of rape and sentenced to death. Weak evidence against them and they were innocent. Eventually were let out. |
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Term
| What did people think of Hoover during the Depression? |
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Definition
Most people blamed him
He kept saying "prosperity is just around the corner" |
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Term
| What was the Hawley-Smoot Tariff? |
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Definition
| Higher rates to start isolation, basically shut down global trade. |
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Term
| What project did Hoover do to try to stimulate the economy? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| These were veterans who wanted their bonus now. Hoover told MacArthur to get the proesters out from in front of the White House after he denied them. Many were wounded. |
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Term
| What happened during the Election of 1932? |
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Definition
| FDR was nominated and promised a "New Deal" |
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Term
| What were some of things FDR did at the start of his term? |
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Definition
-Wanted to eliminate alot of the security problems
-Agressive leadership
-Had "Fireside Chats" to tell people hwo things will get better. |
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Term
| What did the Bank Holiday do? |
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Definition
| Stopped people from panicking and taking all their money out at once. |
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Term
| What was the "Brain Trust"? |
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Definition
| These were Univeristy Professors to help him sort out the economy. |
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Term
| What was the Glass-Steagall Act? |
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Definition
| Restricted loans and insured the reserve |
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Term
| What were the currency changes during the Depression? |
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Definition
| -Off the gold system -Had the federal reserve to raise and lower the worth of money -mannaged currency that will always be the same |
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Term
| What was the 21st amendment and how did it help the economy? |
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Definition
| Beer and wine were allowed. This helped raise revenue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Public Works Administration. They worked on public projects. |
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Term
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Definition
| Federal Emergency Relief Administration. Direct contribution to states for relief. |
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Term
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Definition
| Civilian Conservation Corps. Worked on conservation projects. 1$ a day work for a year. |
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Term
| What was the Agricultural Adjustment Act? |
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Definition
| Done by Henry A Wallace. To recover from drought and overproduction. |
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Term
| What did the Indian Reorganization Act do? |
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Definition
| Government now recognizes the tribes. |
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Term
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Definition
| National Recovery Administration. Suspended anti-trust laws and brought back unions. it was rejected by the Court and declared unconstitutional. |
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Term
| Who were some of the people against FDR's New Deal? |
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Definition
Huey Long- wanted to tax the rich,
Father Charles Coughlin, and Francis Townsend- wanted social security |
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Term
| What was the Wagner-Connery Act? |
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Definition
| Policy to protect the right to organize union. National Labor Relations Board. |
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Term
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Definition
| Craft unions and there was mass production. |
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Term
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Definition
| Industrial Unions. They had many strikes and fought back. |
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Term
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Definition
Works Progress Administration.
Replaced FERA
Built many projects |
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Term
| What was the Tennessee Valley Authority? |
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Definition
| Most radical, a dam that supplied electricity to private dams. |
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Term
| What was FDR's packing Plan? |
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Definition
The constitution didn't say how many judges there were on the supreme court.
FDR wanted to have Democrat judges.
Supreme Court said no. |
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Term
| What was the Farm Security Act? |
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Definition
| Soil conservation, subsidies are controversial. |
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Term
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Definition
| There was a recession within the depression. |
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Term
| What were the failures of the New Deal? |
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Definition
Many were still Unemployed
Increase in National Debt: 42 Billion
WWII would really only bring the economy back. |
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Term
| What were the successes of the New Deal? |
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Definition
There was relief and it saved the Capitalist sypsem
-Correction of Social Evils
-Benefited farmers, labor, banks, and businesses. |
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Term
| What were the Lasting Effects of the New Deal? |
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Definition
All major legislation is now accepted
Power of executive branch expanded
Dominant role of federal government accepted. |
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Term
| What was the Lend-Lease Act? |
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Definition
| Helped out Britain during WWII |
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Term
| What was the Atlantic Charter? |
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Definition
| Sent aids to Russia, US shpis patrolled waters. England was giving up colonies and US was hoping to break Britain down and beat Germany. Authorized US ships to arm and enter war zone. |
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Term
| Who did Germany have as Allies in WWII? |
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Definition
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Term
| What started US involvement in the war? |
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Definition
| Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese. Sunk 8 battleships. |
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Term
| What was the public attitude towards WWII? |
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Definition
| Public is more knowledgable. |
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Term
| What was US Economiic Mobilization? |
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Definition
| War bonds and rationing helped the economy. More tolerance but fear of Japanese-Americans. |
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Term
| What was the family life like in WWII? |
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Definition
Marriage boom
manufacture of alcohol went down
Only country to have a living standard increase |
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Term
| What did Rosie the Riveter stand for? |
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Definition
| Women action in workforce to take over the man's jobs. |
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Term
| How did the US react to the Holocaust? |
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Definition
| Believed that the war was more important than rescuing the prisoners right away. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bicotory in Europ. Mussolini was killed and embarrassed in public, Hitler commited suicide. |
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Term
| What also happened to the US after WWII? |
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Definition
| FDR passes after 12 years as president. |
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Term
| What was the cost of war? |
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Definition
| The atomic bomb age starts. |
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Term
| What was one of the difficult problems that rose after WWI? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happened at the Washington Conferance of 1921? |
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Definition
| There was an attemt to pervent a destabilizing naval armaments race among the US, Britain, and Japan. |
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Term
| What was the Five-Power Pact? |
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Definition
| This established limits for total naval tonnage and a ratio of armaments among Japan, US, and Britain. |
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Term
| What was the Kellog-Briand Pact? |
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Definition
| A multilateral treaty outlawing war as an instrument of national policy. Contained no instrument of enforcement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Basically had a circle of loans through the US to Germany to Fracne and Britain back to the US. |
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Term
| What was the Munich agreement? |
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Definition
| Hitler said that Germany would take Czechoslovakia and expand no further. The French and the Brithis agreed. This was "appeasement". Policy was a failure. |
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